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. 2020 Apr 7;26(13):1427–1438. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i13.1427

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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The intestinal stem cell divides into 2 identical cells (clonogeny). One of these cells remain inactive, while the other stem cell differentiates into all cell types of the villus epithelium through 2 cell lineages: The secretory lineage giving raise to goblet cells, endocrine cells and Paneth cells, and the absorptive lineage giving raise to absorptive enterocytes. This differentiation occurs through a series of progenitors. The observations that the density of stem cells and progenitors for enteroendocrine cells, led to the assumption of gene mutations affecting the stem cell and neurogenin 3 gene.