Table 1.
Demographic Data, Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Status in Subjects with Normal Weight, Overweight and Obesity
| Normal Weight | Overweight | Obesity | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n-23 | n-36 | n-33 | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Men n (%) | 5 (21.7) | 7 (19.4) | 9 (27.3) | 0.73 |
| Women n (%) | 18 (78.3) | 29 (80.1) | 24 (72.7) | |
| Age years | 68.77±10.66 | 55.03±10.66 | 56.45±10.84 | 0.32 |
| Visceral abdominal fat cm3 | 777.09±472.36 | 1270.92±471.15a,b | 1988.59±471.57a | <0.01* |
| Hypertension n (%) | 3 (13) | 10 (28) | 16 (49) | 0.02*** |
| Dyslipidemia n (%) | 8 (35) | 10 (28) | 10 (30) | 0.71 |
| T2DM n (%) | 3 (13) | 5 (14) | 7 (21) | 0.68 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.85±0.08 | 0.88±0.08 | 0.91±0.06a | 0.01* |
| Inflammatory Cytokines | ||||
| TNF-α pg/mL | 866.86±153.95 | 680.97±79.67 | 694.44±86.06 | 0.96 |
| IL-6 pg/mL | 437.62±78.06 | 920.09±253.77 | 566.50±127.31 | 0.93 |
| Oxidative Damage to DNA and Repair | ||||
| 8-OHdG ng/mL | 43.93±10.12 | 54.85±16.04 | 153.32±54.46 | 0.15 |
| hOGG1 ng/mL | 5.42±1.58 | 4.89±1.13 | 4.97±1.26 | 0.82 |
| Oxidants | ||||
| LPO µM | 4.30±0.42 | 3.58±0.23 | 3.80±0.22 | 0.18 |
| 8-Isoprostane pg/mL | 24.25±2.20 | 20.81±1.22 | 28.44±3.09 | 0.27 |
| Nitric oxide µM | 234.81±11.37 | 238.28±10.09 | 242.36±10.12 | 0.74 |
| Antioxidants | ||||
| SOD U/mL | 0.50±0.04 | 0.35±0.05a | 0.34±0.06a | 0.005** |
| GPx nmol/min/mL | 1.28±0.16 | 2.41±0.33a | 2.17±0.25a | 0.015** |
| Total antioxidant capacity mM | 2.19±0.10 | 2.34 ± 0.11a | 2.28 ± 0.09 | 0.05** |
| Catalase mU/mL | 18.07±2.00 | 16.75±1.31 | 18.35±1.72 | 0.46 |
Notes: Values are mean ± SD, SEM, or percentage. avs normal weight. bvs obesity. ***Chi-square test, *Student’s t-test, **Kruskal–Wallis test.
Abbreviations: T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-6, interleukin 6; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine; hOGG1, human oxoguanine glycosylase; LPO, lipoperoxides; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase.