Schematic indicates the major proteins that protect telomeric integrity (Shelterin complex, green) and length (Telomerase complex, blue), as well as the lncRNAs GUARDIN, TERRA and TERC (blue font) and microRNAs (red font) that modulate telomere homeostasis by integrating the DNA Damage Response (DDR, grey), protecting telomere ends, and controlling telomerase activity.