Table 4:
Meta-regression analysis for assessing the effect of suspected variables on the pooled Prevalence of Water-pipe smoking
| Univariable Model | Multivariable Model | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence rate | Variable | β | SE | P-value* | β | SE | P-value |
| At least once in the Life time | Sample sizea | 0.27 | 4.01 | 0.94 | −0.34 | 4.14 | 0.93 |
| Year of study | 0.80 | 4.44 | 0.85 | 3.29 | 5.04 | 0.52 | |
| Sampling methodb | −8.10 | 8.01 | 0.32 | −10.65 | 9.13 | 0.25 | |
| At least Last year once in the | Sample size | 6.34 | 12.31 | 0.62 | 6.8 | 14.23 | 0.65 |
| Year of study | −0.006 | 9.76 | 1 | 1.36 | 14.23 | 0.65 | |
| Sampling method | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| At least once in the Last month | Sample size | 4.70 | 4.43 | 0.31 | 9.49 | 4.73 | 0.08 |
| Year of study | −2.65 | 2.60 | 0.33 | −6.08 | 3.05 | 0.08 | |
| Sampling method | −1.07 | 4.68 | 0.82 | 4.19 | 4.75 | .040 | |
a
Studies with sample size ≥1,000 versus <1,000 as reference.
b
Random sampling, multistage random sampling, stratified random sampling, random cluster sampling vs. census as reference.
*
P-value<0.05 considered significant