Table 3:
Odds ratio among the general characteristics, dietary habit and eating-out frequency (≥5/week) by years
| Variable | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (Ref.=Female) | |||||||
| Male | 3.963(3.368–4.663)a,*** | 4.368(3.751–5.088)*** | 3.908(3.244–4.709)*** | 4.047(3.494–4.688)*** | 4.033(3.455–4.706)*** | 3.224(2.761–3.765)*** | 3.899(3.660–4.153)*** |
| Age (Ref.=19∼29yr) | |||||||
| 30∼39yr | 0.564(0.439–0.725)*** | 0.533(0.430–0.661)*** | 0.903(0.683–1.194) | 0.879(0.666–1.161) | 0.966(0.726–1.286) | 0.713(0.563–0.904)*** | 0.739(0.664–0.821)*** |
| 40∼49yr | 0.490(0.380–0.632)*** | 0.515(0.409–0.649)*** | 0.858(0.643–1.143) | 0.769(0.590–1.002) | 0.916(0.701–1.197) | 0.791(0.623–1.004) | 0.702(0.632–0.780)*** |
| 50∼59yr | 0.288(0.225–0.368)* | 0.312(0.243–0.400)* | 0.436(0.325–0.585)* | 0.454(0.346–0.596)* | 0.624(0.462–0.841)* | 0.461(0.362–0.588)* | 0.418(0.375–0.466)** |
| More than 60yr | 0.061(0.046–0.080)*** | 0.069(0.053–0.090)*** | 0.108(0.079–0.147)*** | 0.117(0.088–0.155)*** | 0.141(0.105–0.189)*** | 0.102(0.079–0.132)*** | 0.097(0.086–0.109)*** |
| Education level (Ref.=Below high school) | |||||||
| High school graduate | 3.755(2.920–4.829)*** | 3.677(2.963–4.563)*** | 3.238(2.501–4.191)*** | 3.235(2.670–3.921)*** | 3.005(2.412–3.745)*** | 3.622(2.928–4.481)*** | 3.413(3.115–3.739)*** |
| More than College | 7.043(5.594–8.867)** | 6.723(5.470–8.264)*** | 6.823(5.343–8.714)*** | 5.889(4.752–7.299)*** | 5.052(4.037–6.323)*** | 6.486(5.375–7.827)*** | 6.289(5.763–6.863)*** |
| Household income (Ref.=Low) | |||||||
| Middle-low | 2.323(1.746–3.091)* | 3.128(2.349–4.165)* | 2.711(1.828–4.020)* | 2.716(2.058–3.586)*** | 3.064(2.200–4.266)*** | 2.921(2.140–3.986)*** | 2.745(2.416–3.119)* |
| Middle-high | 3.177(2.324–4.341)*** | 4.572(3.470–6.023)*** | 5.042(3.467–7.332)*** | 4.372(3.266–5.852)*** | 4.959(3.568–6.893)*** | 4.395(3.264–5.919)*** | 4.274(3.762–4.857)*** |
| High | 3.480(2.558–4.734)*** | 5.442(4.092–7.238)*** | 5.387(3.767–7.703)*** | 4.513(3.353–6.074)*** | 6.619(4.846–9.042)*** | 6.221(4.629–8.359)*** | 5.069(4.467–5.752)*** |
| Marital status (Ref.=Married) | |||||||
| Unmarried | 3.984(3.306–4.802)*** | 3.600(3.010–4.305)*** | 2.544(2.014–3.213)*** | 2.565(2.077–3.166)*** | 2.141(1.730–2.649)*** | 2.706(2.213–3.309)*** | 2.830(2.601–3.079)*** |
| Area of residence (Ref.=Rural area) | |||||||
| Urban | 2.251(1.651–3.069)*** | 1.950(1.459–2.607)*** | 2.981(2.185–4.065)*** | 1.235(0.883–1.728) | 1.360(0.985–1.877) | 1.605(1.202–2.144)*** | 2.706(2.213–3.309)*** |
| Occupation (Ref.=Unemployed) | |||||||
| Employed | 5.976(4.746–7.525)*** | 5.969(4.877–7.306)*** | 5.339(4.282–6.658)*** | 6.703(5.570–8.066)*** | 7.227(5.889–8.869)*** | 5.526(4.545–6.718)*** | 6.071(5.590–6.594)*** |
| Family number(Ref.=1) | |||||||
| 2 | 0.501(0.344–0.731)* | 0.664(0.456–0.966)* | 0.481(0.320–0.724)* | 0.666(0.470–0.944)* | 0.856(0.612–1.199) | 0.707(0.499–1.003) | 0.644(0.553–0.750)* |
| 3 | 0.629(0.462–0.855)* | 0.912(0.590–1.409) | 0.632(0.403–0.992)* | 0.804(0.536–1.208) | 0.897(0.628–1.281) | 0.765(0.535–1.096) | 0.763(0.650–0.897)* |
| 4 | 0.729(0.517–1.028) | 0.946(0.619–1.446) | 0.843(0.532–1.337) | 0.924(0.614–1.391) | 0.976(0.660–1.442) | 0.835(0.588–1.186) | 0.866(0.735–1.021) |
| 5 | 0.682(0.467–0.998)* | 1.151(0.725–1.827) | 0.694(0.408–1.181) | 0.918(0.563–1.495) | 0.847(0.530–1.355) | 0.617(0.410–0.927)* | 0.799(0.662–0.966)* |
| ≥6 | 0.577(0.336–0.991)* | 0.760(0.391–1.478) | 0.749(0.404–1.391) | 0.839(0.477–1.478) | 0.717(0.433–1.188) | 0.864(0.499–1.496) | 0.734(0.577–0.935)* |
| Food insecurity (Ref.=Food secure group) | |||||||
| Mildly food insecure group | 0.871(0.743–1.022) | 0.794(0.674–0.936)*** | 0.801(0.669–0.959)* | 0.840(0.724–0.974)* | 0.995(0.862–1.149) | 1.005(0.860–1.174) | 0.877(0.822–0.935)*** |
| Moderately insecure group | 0.518(0.284–0.944)* | 0.357(0.203–0.626)*** | 0.424(0.248–0.724)* | 0.525(0.365–0.754)* | 0.523(0.346–0.791)* | 0.440(0.292–0.664)** | 0.462(0.382–0.560)*** |
| Severely insecure group | 0.323(0.081–1.284) | 0.106(0.013–0.851)*** | 0.379(0.113–1.274) | 0.394(0.158–0.984)* | 0.523(0.346–0.791)*** | 0.569(0.286–1.135) | 0.387(0.251–0.596)** |
| Snack (Ref.=No) | |||||||
| Yes | 2.396(1.775–3.234)*** | 2.066(1.586–2.691)*** | 1.519(1.177–1.960)** | 1.519(1.177–1.960)** | 1.580(1.125–2.219)** | 1.168(0.853–1.600) | 1.714(1.518–1.936)*** |
| Daily meal pattern (Ref.=B+L+D) | |||||||
| B+L | 0.693(0.454–1.056) | 0.897(0.613–1.311) | 0.954(0.653–1.395) | 0.848(0.590–1.221) | 0.990(0.705–1.390) | 0.864(0.617–1.209) | 0.876(0.754–1.016) |
| B+D | 0.933(0.676–1.287) | 0.732(0.483–1.110) | 0.886(0.617–1.273) | 0.734(0.545–0.989)** | 0.702(0.498–0.991)*** | 0.710(0.504–1.001) | 0.775(0.671–0.895)*** |
| L+D | 1.839(1.520–2.223)*** | 1.907(1.530–2.376)* | 1.526(1.237–1.882)*** | 1.740(1.485–2.039)*** | 1.657(1.386–1.982)*** | 1.739(1.435–2.108)*** | 1.733(1.604–1.872)**+ |
| Others | 1.765(1.129–2.759)* | 1.678(1.066–2.643)*** | 0.968(0.560–1.671) | 1.213(0.777–1.894) | 1.325(0.854–2.056) | 1.201(0.823–1.751) | 1.318(1.092–1.590)*** |
note:
a
Odds ratio(95% CI: Confidence Interval),
*
P<0.05,
**
P<0.01,
***
P<0.001