Table 3.
Characteristics of LM patients with lung adenocarcinoma for serial analyses of CSF miRNAs.
| Patient no. | Age (year) | Gender | Neurological symptoms and signs | CSF cytology | MRI abnormalities | Systemic treatment for primary tumor before LM | Initial LM-directed treatment | Interval between initial LM diagnosis and relapse | LM salvage treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 53 | Female | Headache, visual disturbance, seizures | Positive | Negative | None | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal MTX | ||
| 2* | 39 | Male | Dizziness | Positive | Nodular/Linear enhancement | Crizotinib, lorlatinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal Ara-c | 9.6 months | Intrathecal pemetrexed |
| 3* | 38 | Female | Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting |
Positive | Linear enhancement | Icotinib, Osimertinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal MTX; intrathecal Ara-c | 14.4 months | Intrathecal pemetrexed |
| 4 | 60 | Male | Dizziness, headache, diplopia, memory loss |
Positive | Nodular/Linear enhancement | Chemotherapy Gefitinib |
WBRT with concurrent intrathecal Ara-c | ||
| 5 | 57 | Female | Cranial nerve palsies | Negative | Linear enhancement | Crizotinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal Ara-c | ||
| 6 | 50 | Female | Headache, nausea, vomiting | Positive | Nodular enhancement | Chemotherapy | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal Ara-c | ||
| 7* | 37 | Female | Dizziness, headache, vomiting | Positive | Linear enhancement | Icotinib, Osimertinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal MTX; intrathecal Ara-c | 8.2 months | Intrathecal pemetrexed |
| 8 | 47 | Male | Dizziness, headache | Positive | Nodular/Linear enhancement | Gefitinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal pemetrexed | ||
| 9 | 52 | Female | Dizziness, headache, diplopia |
Positive | Negative | Icotinib, Chemotherapy |
WBRT with concurrent intrathecal pemetrexed | ||
| 10 | 59 | Female | Dizziness, headache, diplopia, hearing loss | Positive | Linear enhancement | Gefitinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal pemetrexed | ||
| 11 | 61 | Female | Conscious disturbance | Negative | Nodular/Linear enhancement | Afatinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal pemetrexed | ||
| 12* | 57 | Female | Conscious disturbance, headache | Positive | Linear enhancement | Chemotherapy, Icotinib, Osimertinib |
WBRT with concurrent intrathecal MTX; intrathecal Ara-c | 13.2 month | Intrathecal pemetrexed |
| 13 | 66 | Female | None | Positive | Nodular enhancement | Osimertinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal Ara-c | ||
| 14* | 47 | Female | Headache, seizures | Positive | Linear enhancement | Gefitinib, Icotinib, Osimertinib |
WBRT with concurrent intrathecal MTX; intrathecal MTX | 38.4 months | Intrathecal pemetrexed |
| 15 | 61 | Female | Dizziness, headache, vomiting, conscious disturbance | Positive | Nodular/Linear enhancement | None | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal Ara-c/MTX | ||
| 16 | 52 | Male | Dizziness, headache, vomiting |
Positive | Linear enhancement | Erlotinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal MTX | ||
| 17* | 49 | Female | Dizziness, vomiting, seizures |
Positive | Nodular/Linear enhancement | Gefitinib, Icotinib, Osimertinib, Chemotherapy | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal MTX | 9.8 months | Intrathecal pemetrexed |
| 18* | 66 | Male | Dizziness, headache |
Positive | Nodular/Linear enhancement | None | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal MTX; intrathecal Ara-c | 3.2 months | Intrathecal pemetrexed |
| 19 | 60 | Male | Diplopia, headache | Positive | Nodular enhancement | None | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal Ara-c | ||
| 20 | 58 | Male | Dizziness, headache |
Positive | Nodular enhancement | Chemotherapy | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal Ara-c | ||
| 21 | 64 | Female | Headache, sensory motor deficits of extremities | Positive | Nodular enhancement | Icotinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal Ara-c | ||
| 22* | 55 | Female | Headache, nausea, vomiting | Positive | Nodular/Linear enhancement | Gefitinib, Osimertinib | WBRT with concurrent intrathecal MTX | 7.2 months | Intrathecal pemetrexed |
*
Eight LM patients presented recurrence at 3–38 months after initial LM-directed therapy and then received salvage therapy.
LM, leptomeningeal metastasis; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MTX, methotrexate; Ara-c, cytarabine; WBRT, whole brain radiotherapy.