Table 3.
Out-of-pocket health expenditure in the study population (N = 572)
| Total number of health episodesa | Mean expenditure per health episode (NGN) | Mean expenditure per uninsured health episode (NGN) | Mean expenditure per insured health episode (NGN) | P-value (uninsured vs insured)b | Mean expenditure per individual per year (in NGN)c | Proportion of expenditure by provider type over total expenditure (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Informal provider | 1203 | 488 | 473 | 518 | 0.217 | 1026 | 54.1 |
| Non-upgraded facility | 279 | 1593 | 1525 | 1872 | 0.282 | 777 | 41.0 |
| Upgraded facility | 141 | 376 | 1199 | 144 | <0.001 | 93 | 4.9 |
| Total | 1623 | 668 | 717 | 576 | <0.001 | 1896 | 100.0 |
Note: medical expenses paid for by the insurance are excluded.
a
The total number of health episodes excludes 185 health episodes for which no provider was consulted and includes 47 health episodes for which two provider types were consulted. This results in a total of 1623 health episodes.
b
Calculated using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test.
c
We did not calculate the yearly costs for insured and uninsured individuals since insurance status can change over time.