Table 4.

Association between long-term e-cigarette usage and perceptions among e-cigarette users, Malaysia 2018 (N=694)

Perceptions	Long-term e-cigarette usage		pa	OR	95% CI	p
	Yes n (%)	No n (%)
I get definite nicotine hit from the e-cigarette
Yes	426 (74.6)	79 (64.2)	0.019*	1.7	1.1–2.5	0.020*
No	145 (25.4)	44 (35.8)
E-cigarette use is as satisfying as tobacco smoking
Yes	345 (60.4)	68 (55.3)	0.293	1.2	0.8–1.8	0.293
No	226 (39.6)	55 (44.7)
I like the e-cigarette because it looks and feels like a cigarette
Yes	153 (26.8)	32 (26.0)	0.859	1.1	0.7–1.6	0.859
No	418 (73.2)	91 (74.0)
E-cigarettes feel healthier than smoking
Yes	540 (94.6)	110 (89.4)	0.034*	2.0	1.1–3.9	0.037*
No	31 (5.4)	13 (10.6)
The e-cigarette has helped me to cut down tobacco smoking
Yes	547 (95.8)	111 (90.2)	0.012*	2.5	1.2–5.1	0.014*
No	24 (4.2)	12 (9.8)
I don’t have the urge to smoke as much since using the e-cigarette
Yes	517 (90.5)	96 (78.0)	<0.001*	2.7	1.6–4.4	<0.001*
No	54 (9.5)	27 (22.0)
I crave e-cigarettes as much as I do/did for tobacco
Yes	202 (35.4)	44 (35.8)	0.934	0.9	0.7–1.5	0.934
No	369 (64.6)	79 (64.2)
I frequently use the e-cigarette in places where tobacco smoking is banned
Yes	75 (13.1)	21 (17.1)	0.251	0.7	0.4–1.2	0.251
No	496 (86.9)	102 (82.9)
The e-cigarette has helped me to stop smoking
Yes	514 (90.0)	91 (74.0)	<0.001*	3.1	1.9–5.0	<0.001*
No	57 (10.0)	32 (26.0)
The e-cigarette allows me to use nicotine more
Yes	45 (7.9)	11 (8.9)	0.695	0.8	0.4–1.7	0.695
No	526 (92.1)	112 (91.1)

Predicted outcome category is long-term e-cigarette usage ≥2 years. OR: odds ratio.

^*Significant at p<0.05.

^aP-value based on chi-squared test.