Table 3.
The correlation of mothers’ prenatal tobacco smoke exposure, perinatal factors and the prevalence of DCD among their children aged 3–6 years, rural area of Shanghai, China 2018 (N=8586)
| Variables | DCD | Univariate | Multivariate* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n (%) | No n (%) | OR | OR 95% CI | OR | OR 95% CI | |
| Prenatal exposure to firsthand smoke | ||||||
| Yes | 19 (23.46) | 62 (76.54) | 4.42 | 2.62–7.44 | 3.68a | 2.17–6.25 |
| No | 552 (6.49) | 7953 (93.51) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke | ||||||
| Yes | 176 (9.86) | 1609 (90.14) | 1.77 | 1.47–2.14 | 1.63b | 1.35–1.97 |
| No | 395 (5.81) | 6406 (94.19) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Children with preterm birth | ||||||
| Yes | 78 (8.78) | 810 (91.22) | 1.41 | 1.10–1.81 | 1.28c | 0.99–1.67 |
| No | 493 (6.40) | 7205 (93.60) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Children’s delivery method | ||||||
| Vaginal | 236 (6.28) | 3519 (93.72) | 1.11 | 0.94–1.32 | 1.09d | 0.92–1.30 |
| Cesarean | 335 (6.93) | 4496 (93.07) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Fetal asphyxia in delivery | ||||||
| Yes | 34 (15.11) | 191 (84.89) | 2.59 | 1.78–3.77 | 2.34e | 1.60–3.43 |
| No | 537 (6.42) | 7824 (93.58) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Newborn infants treated in ICU | ||||||
| Yes | 70 (8.56) | 748 (91.44) | 1.36 | 1.01–1.76 | 1.12f | 0.85–1.47 |
| No | 501 (6.46) | 7267 (93.55) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Children’s breastfeeding time (months) | ||||||
| <6 | 204 (7.96) | 2360 (92.04) | 1.33 | 1.12–1.59 | 1.30g | 1.08–1.56 |
| ≥6 | 367 (6.09) | 5655 (93.91) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
Multivariate logistic regression with covariates adjusted during the logistic regression selected by Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) method.
OR after covariate adjustment of prenatal exposure of secondhand smoke and breastfeeding time.
OR after covariate adjustment of prenatal exposure of firsthand smoke, fetal asphyxia in delivery, newborn infants treated in ICU, family yearly income and breastfeeding time.
OR after covariate adjustment of fetal asphyxia in delivery, newborn infants treated in ICU, breastfeeding time, age of children, gender of children and family yearly income.
OR after covariate adjustment of prenatal exposure of secondhand smoke, preterm birth, breastfeeding time, age and gender of children.
OR after covariate adjustment of prenatal exposure of secondhand smoke, preterm birth, newborn infants treated in ICU, and gender of children.
OR after covariate adjustment of prenatal exposure of secondhand smoke, preterm birth, fetal asphyxia in delivery, breastfeeding time, a d age of children.
OR after covariate adjustment of prenatal exposure of secondhand and firsthand smoke, preterm birth, newborn infants treated in ICU, and age of children.