Table 2.
Prevalence of sexual harassment and gender discrimination in 1995 and 2012–131 and change prevalence over time, by sex, national faculty survey.
| Male |
Female |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 (n = 641) n (%) | 2012–13 (n = 283) n (%) | p-value2 | 1995 (n = 632) n (%) | 2012–13 (n = 296) n (%) | p-value2 | |
| Sexual harassment | 26 (4·2) | 10 (3·9) | 0·84 | 336 (53·9) | 56 (20·7) | <0·0001 |
| Severe sexual harassment | 22 (3·5) | 7 (2·7) | 0·54 | 197 (32·1) | 34 (12·6) | <0·0001 |
| Unwanted sexual advances | 21 (3·4) | 7 (2·7) | – | 186 (30·1) | 30 (11·2) | – |
| Subtle bribery to engage in sexual behavior | 2 (0·3) | 2 (0·8) | – | 56 (9·1) | 6 (2·2) | – |
| Threats to engage in sexual behavior | 1 (0·2) | 1 (0·4) | – | 9 (1·5) | 0 (0·0) | – |
| Coercive sexual advances | 4 (0·6) | 2 (0·8) | – | 49 (8·0) | 9 (3·3) | – |
| Gender discrimination | 194 (30·7) | 76 (29·6) | 0·72 | 514 (81·7) | 178 (66·4) | <0·0001 |
| Gender bias/obstacles to career success | 154 (24·3) | 68 (26·3) | – | 454 (72·4) | 165 (61·3) | – |
| Left out of professional advancement due to gender | 58 (9·2) | 27 (10·5) | – | 401 (63·7) | 140 (52·2) | – |
1
Percentages do not always correspond to n/N due to missing data. Missing data are excluded from the denominator.
2
Obtained from Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) accounting for repeated measures.