Table III.
Complications and treatment during hospitalization and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19
| Complications and treatment | All patients (n = 548) | Nonsevere (n = 279) | Severe (n = 269) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complications | ||||
| ARDS | 210 of 548 (38.3%) | 27 of 279 (9.7%) | 183 of 269 (68.0%) | .000 |
| Cardiac injury | 119 of 548 (21.7%) | 25 of 279 (9.0%) | 94 of 269 (34.9%) | .000 |
| Liver dysfunction | 106 of 548 (19.3%) | 44 of 279 (15.8%) | 62 of 269 (23.0%) | .040 |
| Acute kidney injury | 95 of 548 (17.3%) | 33 of 279 (11.8%) | 62 of 269 (23.0%) | .001 |
| Bacteremia | 42 of 548 (7.7%) | 4 of 279 (1.4%) | 38 of 269 (14.1%) | .000 |
| DIC | 42 of 548 (7.7%) | 5 of 279 (1.8%) | 37 of 269 (13.8%) | .000 |
| Hyperglycemia | 182 of 548 (33.2%) | 60 of 279 (21.5%) | 122 of 269 (45.4%) | .000 |
| Administration of systemic corticosteroids | 341 of 548 (62.2%) | 145 of 279 (52.0%) | 196 of 269 (72.9%) | .000 |
| Duration (d) | 4 (0-11) | 1 (0-10) | 5 (0-12) | .000 |
| Cumulative dose (mg) | 200 (0-450) | 50 (0-400) | 295 (0-575) | .000 |
| Administration of antiviral drugs | ||||
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 164 of 548 (29.9%) | 91 of 279 (32.6%) | 73 of 269 (27.1%) | .163 |
| Umifenovir | 401 of 548 (73.2%) | 222 of 279 (79.6%) | 179 of 269 (66.5%) | .001 |
| Oseltamivir | 221 of 548 (40.3%) | 127 of 279 (45.5%) | 94 of 269 (34.9%) | .015 |
| Ribavirin | 29 of 548 (5.3%) | 8 of 279 (2.9%) | 21 of 269 (7.8%) | .012 |
| IFN-α nebulization | 168 of 548 (30.7%) | 97 of 279 (34.8%) | 71 of 269 (26.4%) | .041 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 213 of 548 (38.9%) | 103 of 279 (36.9%) | 110 of 269 (40.9%) | .381 |
| Vasopressor | 79 of 548 (14.4%) | 5 of 279 (1.8%) | 74 of 269 (27.5%) | .000 |
| Oxygen therapy | 355 of 548 (64.8%) | 131 of 279 (47.0%) | 224 of 269 (83.3%) | .000 |
| Nasal cannula or mask | 228 of 548 (41.6%) | 118 of 279 (42.3%) | 110 of 269 (40.9%) | .000 |
| High-flow oxygen therapy | 24 of 548 (4.4%) | 2 of 279 (0.7%) | 22 of 269 (8.2%) | |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 78 of 548 (14.2%) | 10 of 279 (3.6%) | 68 of 269 (25.3%) | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 25 of 548 (4.6%) | 1 of 279 (0.4%) | 24 of 269 (8.9%) | |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy | 2 of 548 (0.4%) | 0 | 2 of 269 (99.3%) | .241 |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| Discharge from hospital | 287 of 545 (52.7%) | 202 of 277 (72.9%) | 85 of 268 (31.7%) | .000 |
| In-hospitalization | 168 of 545 (30.8%) | 72 of 277 (26.0%) | 96 of 268 (35.8%) | |
| Death | 90 of 545 (16.5%) | 3 of 277 (1.1%) | 87 of 268 (32.5%) |
Data are expressed as median (IQR), n (%), or n of N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data. P values comparing nonsevere cases and severe cases are from χ2 test, Fisher exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test.
DIC, Diffuse intravascular coagulation; IQR, interquartile range.