Table IV.

Unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model for death among patients with severe COVID-19

Variable	Unadjusted HR	95% CI	P value	Adjusted HR	95% CI	P value
Sex, male vs female	1.96	1.24-3.11	.004	1.72	1.05-2.82	.032
Age, ≥65 y vs <65 y	1.69	1.09-2.59	.018	1.72	1.09-2.73	.021
Blood leukocyte count, >10 × 10⁹/L vs ≤10 × 10⁹/L	3.85	2.50-5.93	.000	2.04	1.26-3.31	.004
LDH, > 445 U/L vs ≤445 U/L	3.94	2.48-6.28	.000	2.00	1.21-3.30	.007
Complications
Cardiac injury	3.89	2.52-6.01	.000	2.92	1.80-4.76	.000
Hyperglycemia	2.49	1.61-3.87	.000	1.77	1.11-2.84	.017
Treatment
Corticosteroids			.000			.000
No steroid (reference)
Low dose∗	1.07	0.57-2.01	.825	1.26	0.61-2.580	.534
High dose†	3.32	1.85-5.97	.000	3.50	1.79-6.86	.000
Lopinavir/ritonavir	0.26	0.13-0.52	.000	0.43	0.21-0.89	.022
Umifenovir	0.46	0.30-0.71	.000	0.54	0.34-0.84	.007

P values are from Cox proportional hazards regression model. The final model was adjusted for sex, age, blood leukocyte count, LDH, cardiac injury, hyperglycemia, and administration of corticosteroids, lopinavir/ritonavir, and umifenovir.

^∗Low dose of steroid indicates that the maximum dose was <1 mg/kg/d prednisone.

^†High dose of steroid indicates that the maximum dose was equivalent to or more than 1 mg/kg/d prednisone.