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Summary of the mechanisms and factors of vanadium toxicity: vanadium; LPO: lipid peroxidation; ROS: reactive oxygen species; MRC: mitochondrial respiratory chain; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; M: mitochondrion; Cyt c: cytochrome c; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Based on available literature data cited in section 5.2.
