Table 2.
Vanadium-containing biomaterials and their use in medical devices.
| Metallic biomaterials | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of alloy | Percentage composition [%] | Application | Reference | ||
| Ti-6Al-4V | Ti 90 | Al 6 | V 4 | hip joint replacement knee joint replacement dental implants (zygomatic implants), bridges/crowns, dental bridges orthodontic implants spine stabilizers trauma devices/bone fixation (intramedullary rods and nails, surgical screws/bone plates) encapsulation of cardiac pacemaker |
[11,13,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119] |
| Ti-6Al-4V ELI | Ti 90 | Al 6 | V 4 | medical implants | [11,13] |
| Ti-3Al-2.5V | Ti 92.755−95.5 | Al 2.5−3.5 | V 2−3 | dental implants hip and knee joint replacement (orthopedic implants) trauma devices (intramedullary rods) |
[11] |
| Magnetic alloys | |||||
| 2V-49Co-49Fe (Permendur) | Co 49 | Fe 49 | V 2 | devices supporting the work of the heart | [11] |
| Biocompatible coatings applied on metallic alloys | |||||
| TiO2:nHA:Ag-Ti-6Al-4V SC-Ti-6Al-4V V-DLC |
Ti 90 Al 6 V 4 Ti 90 Al 6 V 4 – |
orthopedic/dental implants hip joint replacement trauma/orthopedic surgery |
[11,120,121] | ||
| Polymeric composite biomaterials | |||||
| Composition of polymeric coating | Properties | Application | Reference | ||
| V2O5/PLGA | antimicrobial activity | implant materials | [122] | ||
Ti: titanium; Al: aluminum; V: vanadium, ELI: extra low interstitial (max. Fe: 0.14 %, max. O: 0.13 %). TiO2:nHA:Ag-Ti-6Al-4V: titanium oxide-based coating containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticle and silver particles, SC-Ti-6Al-4V: surface-coated Ti-6Al-4 V, V-DLC: diamond-like layer with vanadium (DLC type carbon layer), V2O5: vanadium pentoxide; PLGA: (Poly)Lactide-co-Glycolide copolymer.