Fig. 1.

Autophagy Inhibition prior to Chemotherapy Treatment of HCT-116 cells. Cells were treated with 80 μM CQ overnight and then treated with the minimum effective concentration of 5-FU (20 µM) for 24 h. A portion of these cells was lysed, and the total proteins were analyzed by western blot for LC3-II and SQSTM1 (A). GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene (C). The remaining cells were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (B-E). N = nucleus; green arrow: autophagosome; yellow arrow: autophagosome with undigested organelles; blue arrow: autophagolysosomes (vesicles with degraded material). Groups: Control (B), CQ (C), 5-FU (D), 5-FU + CQ (E).