Table 20.2.
Differential diagnosis
| CAPS | TTP | HELLP | Sepsis | DIC | HIT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous history | Previous APS/SLE/malignancy/pregnancy | Malignancy/non | Pregnancy | Infection | Infection/malignancy | Heparin exposure |
| Thrombosis | Large/small vessels | Small vessels | Small vessels | Large/small vessels | Small vessels | Large/small vessels |
| Typical antibodies | aPL | Anti-ADAMS-13 | None | None | None | Anti-HP4 |
| Schizocytes | Present | Present | Scanty | Scanty | Scanty | Scanty |
| Fibrinogen | Normal/high | Normal/high | Normal/high | Normal/low | Normal/low | Normal/high |
Abbreviations: TTP thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, HELLP hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count, DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, HIT heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, aPL antiphospholipid antibodies, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus