Table 7.3.

Pathogen removal efficiency of stormwater biofilter.

	Bacterial source	Log EC Removal		Log ENT Removal		Log FC Removal
	Bacterial source	NSZ	SZ
Laboratory mesocosm	Horse manure					1.70 (0.19)^a
	EC O1:K1:H7 (with/without stormwater sediments)	0.75 (0.16)^a
	Natural stormwater + EC (unreported strain)	1.42 (0.12)^a	2.63
	Natural stormwater	1.78 (0.58)^a	2.56 (0.43)^a			1.07 (0.64)^a	1.72 (0.36)^a
	EC strain O1:K1:H7 and stormwater sediments	1.47 (0.07)	1.83 (0.08)
Field systems	Natural stormwater	0.54				0.51
	EC ATCC 13706	1.63 (0.09)^a
	Natural stormwater						1.06 (0.24)^a
	Natural stormwater	0.09 (0.49)^a		0.43 (0.49)^a
	Natural stormwater		3				2.5
	Raw sewage + synthetic stormwater	0.76	1.07	0.7	1.07
	EC K-12	0.55 (0.14)^a
	Natural stormwater	0.00 (0.24)^a				0.11 (0.20)^a
Overall average		0.86 (0.2)	2.22 (0.3)	0.57 (0.14)	1.07	0.85 (0.35)	1.76 (0.4)

DST, defined substrate technology; MF, membrane filtration; NSZ, no submerged zone; SZ, submerged zone.

Average removal (standard error) from different system designs: e.g., column length, vegetation type, and media formulation.