Table 2.

Parameters used in numerical simulation.

Physical Quantity	Estimation Formula	Si	Cr	Ni	Units	Ref.
Thermal conductivity, λ	constant	36.5	–	–	$\frac{J}{s\times m\times °K}$	[25]
Density, ρ	constant	2.33 × 103	7.1 × 103	8.75 × 103	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	[25]
Molar weight, M	constant	28.06 × 10−3	51.99 × 10−3	58.71 × 10−3	$\frac{kg}{mol}$	[25]
Heat capacity, c	constant	19.79	–	–	$\frac{J}{°K}$	[25]
Thermal diffusivity, aTD	$a_{TD}=\frac{\lambda }{\rho \times c}$	7.92 × 104	–	–	$\frac{m^2}{s}$
Atom concentration in the lattice, N	$N=\frac{\rho }{M}\times N_A$	5 × 1028	8.22 × 1028	8.98 × 1028	$m^{-3}$
Atom volume, Ω	$\mathsf{\Omega }=\frac{1}{N}$	2 × 10−29	1.22 × 10−29	1.11 × 10−29	$m^3$
Atom radius, r	constant	1.68 × 10−10	1.7 × 10−10	1.24 × 10−10	$m$	[25]
Atom diameter, a	$a=2\times r$	3.36 × 10−10	3.4 × 10−10	2.48 × 10−10	$m$
Young’s modulus, E	constant	110 × 109	297 × 109	200 × 109	$\frac{N}{m^2}$	[26]
Poisson’s ratio, υ	constant	0.288	0.21	0.3	–	[25]
Coefficient of thermal expansion, α	constant	4.65	10.98	18.2	$\frac{{10}^{-6}}{°K}$	[26]
Specific surface energy, γ	$\gamma =\frac{E\times a}{2}$	18.52	50.58	24.8	$\frac{N}{m}$	[25]