TABLE 1.
Patient-Level Characteristics of the Aggregated Cohort, Comparing COPD and Non-COPD-Related Readmissions to Non-Readmitted Patients in Index Stays
| Not Readmitted N = 1,375,099 | Non-COPD Readmitted N = 159,675 | COPD Readmitted N = 128,209 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male Sex, % | 40.8% | 43.0% | 42.5% | <.001 |
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| Age, Mean ± SD | 67.9 ± 11.9 | 70.1 ± 11.9 | 66.9 ± 11.3 | <.001 |
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| Median household income, % | <.001 | |||
| 1st Quartile | 37.0% | 36.4% | 38.8% | |
| 2nd Quartile | 26.8% | 26.4% | 26.3% | |
| 3rd Quartile | 20.9% | 21.1% | 20.3% | |
| 4th Quartile | 13.9% | 14.8% | 13.2% | |
| Missing | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.4% | |
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| Patient geographic location, %a | <.001 | |||
| Central county metro area ≥1M | 22.0% | 23.4% | 23.6% | |
| Fringe county metro area ≥1M | 24.4% | 25.9% | 25.1% | |
| County metro area 250,000-999,999k | 20.9% | 20.2% | 20.6% | |
| County metro area 50,000-249,999k | 10.4% | 10.0% | 10.2% | |
| Micropolitan area | 13.1% | 12.2% | 12.1% | |
| Non-metro/non-micropolitan (rural) | 9.1% | 8.2% | 8.4% | |
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| Primary Payer, %b | <.001 | |||
| Medicare (includes dual-eligible) | 69.6% | 77.2% | 70.7% | |
| Medicaid | 11.8% | 11.1% | 15.4% | |
| Private insurance | 12.3% | 8.0% | 8.7% | |
| Self-pay | 3.4% | 1.6% | 2.4% | |
| Other, including no-charge | 3.0% | 2.2% | 2.8% | |
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| Number of admissions each patient had over a year, Mean ± SD | 2.13 ± 1.60 | 4.06 ± 2.30 | 4.62 ± 2.69 | <.001 |
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| Number hospitals where each patient each received care over a year, Mean ± SD | 1.31 ± 0.64 | 1.29 ± 0.61 | 1.62 ± 0.86 | <.001 |
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| Discharge disposition, % | <.001 | |||
| Routine to home | 69.1% | 55.9% | 65.3% | |
| Transfer to post-acute care | 12.4% | 19.6% | 12.1% | |
| Other | 0.7% | 0.9% | 0.7% | |
| Home with home health services | 17.8% | 23.6% | 21.9% | |
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| Length of Stay, Mean ± SDc | 3.67 ± 1.96 | 4.39 ± 2.58 | 3.88 ± 2.11 | <.001 |
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| Care intensity and complications, % | <.001 | |||
| Use of non-invasive ventilation | 7.7% | 8.6% | 10.9% | <.001 |
| Use of mechanical ventilation | 4.5% | 6.4% | 4.8% | <.001 |
| Placement or presence of tracheostomy | 0.8% | 1.4% | 0.9% | <.001 |
| Cardiac arrest | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% | <.001 |
| Performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | |
Note: Unweighted N’s displayed. Frequencies derived using weighted analysis.
a
N’s 1,373,301 & 159,378 & 127,918;
b
N’s 1,372,214 & 159,407 & 127,955.
c
Geometric Mean and SD for log transformed variable presented
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation.