TABLE 5.
Estimated values of fixed effects on aortic pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) according to a mixed-effect regression model.
|
PPV |
SVV |
|||
| Fixed effect | Estimate (95% CI) | p value | Estimate (95% CI) | p value |
| Ventriculo-arterial coupling indexes | ||||
| VAC (Ea/Ees) | −0.041 (−0.877 to 0.795) | 0.923 | 2.321 (1.801 – 2.841) | <0.001 |
| Ees, mmHg⋅ml–1 | −2.653 (−7.589 to 2.284) | 0.288 | −6.922 (−10.567 to −3.278) | <0.001 |
| Ea, mmHg⋅ml–1 | −7.729 (−10.130 to −5.327) | <0.001 | −0.060 (−1.972 to 2.093) | 0.953 |
| Left ventricular energetics | ||||
| LVeff,% | −0.044 (−0.092 to 0.004) | 0.069 | −0.143 (−0.187 to −0.100) | <0.001 |
| Stroke work, mmHg⋅l | −0.617 (−0.846 to −0.388) | <0.001 | −0.560 (−0.768 to −0.362) | <0.001 |
| Potential energy mmHg⋅l | −0.870 (−1.210 to −0.530) | <0.001 | 0.067 (−0.227 to 0.362) | 0.650 |
Estimates reflect the average change in PPV or SVV per unit increase of the fixed effect. PPV, pulse pressure variation; SVV, stroke volume variation; CI, confidence interval; Ees, end-systolic elastance; Ea, effective arterial elastance; VAC, ventriculo-arterial coupling; LVeff, left ventricular mechanical efficiency.