Table 1:
Patient Characteristics at Baseline by Inconclusiveness and Test Modality
| CTA (N=4677) | Stress Test (N=4533) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Inconclusive (N=299) | Conclusive Positive (N=534) | Conclusive Negative (N=3844) | P-value | Inconclusive (N=438) | Conclusive Positive (N=564) | Conclusive Negative (N=3531) | P-value |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age (Years) | 62.9 (57.0, 68.7) | 62.5 (56.5, 68.6) | 59.1 (53.9, 65.3) | <0.001 | 59.6 (54.6, 65.4) | 62.6 (56.9, 68.1) | 60.1 (54.6, 66.0) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 140 (46.8%) | 184 (34.5%) | 2078 (54.1%) | <0.001 | 215 (49.1%) | 274 (48.6%) | 1932 (54.7%) | 0.004 |
| Race | 0.004 | 0.389 | ||||||
| Multi-Racial | 7 (2.4%) | 2 (0.4%) | 50 (1.3%) | 5 (1.2%) | 4 (0.7%) | 22 (0.6%) | ||
| White | 236 (79.5%) | 471 (89.5%) | 3187 (83.6%) | 355 (82.0%) | 479 (84.9%) | 3009 (86.0%) | ||
| Black | 42 (14.1%) | 31 (5.9%) | 426 (11.2%) | 59 (13.6%) | 61 (10.8%) | 360 (10.3%) | ||
| Asian | 10 (3.4%) | 17 (3.2%) | 109 (2.9%) | 8 (1.8%) | 13 (2.3%) | 74 (2.1%) | ||
| Indian | 2 (0.7%) | 3 (0.6%) | 31 (0.8%) | 2 (0.5%) | 5 (0.9%) | 22 (0.6%) | ||
| Hawaiian | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 9 (0.2%) | 4 (0.9%) | 2 (0.4%) | 12 (0.3%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 (27.1, 35.9) | 30.0 (26.7, 33.9) | 29.4 (26.3, 33.8) | 0.010 | 29.8 (25.9, 33.9) | 30.0 (26.5, 35.1) | 29.8 (26.4, 33.7) | 0.186 |
| Cardiac Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Diabetes | 83 (27.8%) | 139 (26.0%) | 764 (19.9%) | <0.001 | 90 (20.5%) | 150 (26.6%) | 746 (21.1%) | 0.011 |
| Smoking (ever) | 130 (43.5%) | 217 (40.6%) | 1936 (50.4%) | <0.001 | 179 (40.9%) | 261 (46.3%) | 1764 (50.0%) | <0.001 |
| CAD risk equivalent | 96 (32.1%) | 160 (30.0%) | 900 (23.4%) | <0.001 | 113 (25.8%) | 178 (31.6%) | 883 (25.0%) | 0.004 |
| Site characterization of chest pain | <0.001 | 0.031 | ||||||
| Typical | 42 (14.0%) | 88 (16.5%) | 419 (10.9%) | 51 (11.6%) | 83 (14.7%) | 379 (10.7%) | ||
| Atypical | 227 (75.9%) | 404 (75.7%) | 3003 (78.1%) | 330 (75.3%) | 424 (75.2%) | 2782 (78.8%) | ||
| Non-cardiac | 30 (10.0%) | 42 (7.9%) | 422 (11.0%) | 57 (13.0%) | 57 (10.1%) | 370 (10.5%) | ||
| Provider estimation of likelihood of obstructive epicardial disease (High or Very High) | 24 (8.0%) | 57 (10.7%) | 138 (3.6%) | <0.001 | 29 (6.6%) | 64 (11.4%) | 127 (3.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 218 (72.9%) | 362 (67.8%) | 2448 (63.7%) | 0.002 | 304 (69.4%) | 404 (71.6%) | 2255 (63.9%) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 217 (72.6%) | 384 (71.9%) | 2561 (66.6%) | 0.008 | 306 (69.9%) | 383 (67.9%) | 2398 (67.9%) | 0.707 |
| Family history of premature CAD | 100 (33.7%) | 185 (34.8%) | 1239 (32.3%) | 0.493 | 130 (29.7%) | 160 (28.4%) | 1112 (31.6%) | 0.257 |
| Participate in physical activity | 165 (55.2%) | 263 (49.3%) | 1992 (51.9%) | 0.262 | 220 (50.3%) | 273 (48.4%) | 1840 (52.2%) | 0.211 |
| 10-Year CVD Risk | ||||||||
| Framingham Risk Score (2008) | 23.3 (13.3, 40.3) | 24.8 (15.7, 39.3) | 16.0 (10.0, 26.1) | <0.001 | 18.9 (11.4, 32.7) | 20.8 (12.9, 36.4) | 16.6 (10.3, 27.6) | <0.001 |
| ASCVD (2013) | 16.3 (8.6, 27.6) | 16.5 (9.2, 26.9) | 10.3 (5.8, 17.8) | <0.001 | 11.9 (6.6, 21.5) | 14.7 (8.6, 24.0) | 11.2 (6.0, 19.3) | <0.001 |
| Likelihood of CAD | ||||||||
| Diamond-Forrester (2011) | 47.4 (27.7, 59.4) | 48.9 (33.6, 59.4) | 37.0 (23.8, 48.9) | <0.001 | 38.4 (24.8, 57.7) | 47.1 (27.7, 59.4) | 37.0 (24.8, 48.9) | <0.001 |
| Calcium Scores (CTA Only) | ||||||||
| Calcium Score | 402.0 (31.0, 1108.5) | 386.5 (130.8, 771.0) | 8.5 (0.0, 94.5) | <0.001 | ||||
| Calcium ≥400 | 136 (50.0%) | 237 (48.8%) | 265 (7.7%) | <0.001 | ||||
Continuous variables are described using median (25th, 75th percentile). Categorical variables are described using frequency (%). Wilcoxon rank sum tests are used for continuous variables, and chi-square tests are used for categorical variables. BMI = body mass index, CTA = computed tomographic angiogram, CAD = coronary artery disease, CVD = cardiovascular disease, ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.