Table 3. Diagnostic results (positive or negative) from blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration measured by handheld meter and gold-standard colorimetric method indicative of moderate ketosis (BHB 0.8–1.6 mmol/L) or for severe ketosis (BHB ≥ 1.6 mmol/L).

		Moderate ketosis (BHB 0.8–1.6 mmol/L)			Severe ketosis (BHB ≥ 1.6 mmol/L)
Methods		Gold-standard			Gold-standard
		Positive	Negative	Total	Positive	Negative	Total
Handheld meter	Positive	143	19	162	84	41	125
	Negative	3	82	85	1	121	122
	Total	146	101	247	85	162	247
Sensitivity		0.98			0.99
(95% confidence interval)		[0.94–1.00]			[0.94–1.00]
Specificity		0.81			0.75
(95% confidence interval)		[0.72–0.88]			[0.67–0.81]
Accuracy (95% confidence interval)		0.91 [0.87–0.94]			0.823 [0.78–0.88]
Cohen’s kappa coefficient		0.811			0.661