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. 2020 Mar 31;32(14):1033–1044. doi: 10.1089/ars.2019.7991

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Signaling pathways leading to HO-1 gene expression regulation. Under oxidative stress, (a) c-Fos and c-Jun are phosphorylated by Erk1/2, JNK, or p38 as indicated leading to their translocation to the nucleus and formation of the AP-1 complex. This complex binds to HO-1 CRE/TRE sites, inducing transcriptional activation. (b) IκBα is phosphorylated and released from NF-κB dimers (p50/p65), which in turn translocates to the nucleus and inducing HO-1 transcription. (c) HIF-1α is phosphorylated, which leads to its translocation to the nucleus and association to HIF-1β and p300/CBP. This complex binds to the HO-1 HRE site and induces its transcription. HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; TRE, tetradecanoylphorbol acetate-responsive element. Color images are available online.