Table 3.

Proposed Biosafety Parameters for Target Product Profiles of Gene Drive-Modified Mosquitoes

1. Vector competence—predictor of safety for human and animal health

a. Plasmodium species

b. Selected other pathogens carried by Anopheles gambiae

2. Allergenicity or toxicity—predictor of safety for human and animal health

a. Codex Alimentarius guidelines

3. Behavior change—predictor of safety for human and animal health

a. Increased adult mosquito biting rate

b. Broader temperature tolerance

4. Insecticide susceptibility—predictor of safety for human and animal health

a. WHO guidelines

5. Ecosystem effect—predictor of safety for biodiversity

a. Potential for unacceptable effect on nontarget species

b. Potential for unacceptable effect on ecosystem services