Fig 8. Production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-γ, was determined in a culture medium of LPS-treated mBMDMs in the presence or absence of rTsCstN.

After measuring the cytokine levels by sandwich ELISA, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased when we treated LPS-stimulated mBMDMs with rTsCstN after incubation for 12 and 24 h. Irrelevant control (rmDHFR) showed no inhibition of the level of TNF-α and IFN-γ produced by LPS-stimulated mBMDMs. Negative control (NC) was the medium alone. The results are expressed as mean ± SD. The experiments were performed in triplicate with three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni multiple comparison test were used for analysis: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, represent differences of cytokine production between LPS-stimulated mBMDM treated with rTsCstN and LPS-stimulated-only mBMDMs.