. 2020 May 5;30(5):219–226. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20180246

Table 1. Characteristics of women participants at baseline.

	20–29 years		30–39 years		40–49 years		P value^a
	(n = 3,458)		(n = 6,395)		(n = 7,812)

	n	%	n	%	n	%
Health check-up
Abdominal circumference, ≥90 cm	127	3.7	398	6.2	659	8.4	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, ≥130 mm Hg	93	2.7	293	4.6	1,065	13.6	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, ≥85 mm Hg	39	1.1	255	4.0	775	9.9	<0.001
Triglycerides, ≥150 mg/dL	45	1.3	153	2.4	347	4.4	<0.001
HDL-cholesterol, <40 mg/dL	12	0.3	63	1.0	76	1.0	0.001
Fasting blood glucose, ≥110 mg/dL	18	0.5	62	1.0	212	2.7	<0.001
Medication
Taking hypertension medication	0	0.00	20	0.31	182	2.33	<0.001
Taking diabetes medication	1	0.03	9	0.14	36	0.46	<0.001
Taking lipid-lowering medication	4	0.12	5	0.08	62	0.79	<0.001
Lifestyles
Smoking condition^b
Non-smoker	2,653	76.7	4,202	65.7	5,138	65.8	<0.001
Current smoker	508	14.7	1,226	19.2	1,543	19.8
Ex-smoker	297	8.6	966	15.1	1,129	14.5
Frequency of drinking alcohol^b
No drinking	656	19.0	1,657	25.9	2,396	30.7	<0.001
1–2 day per month	1,564	45.2	2,029	31.8	1,950	25.0
1–2 day per week	915	26.5	1,339	21.0	1,307	16.7
3–4 day per week	191	5.5	614	9.6	765	9.8
More than 5 days per week	131	3.8	751	11.8	1,390	17.8
Alcohol intake^b
No drinking	653	18.9	1,652	25.9	2,395	30.7	<0.001
Less than 20 g per day	1,549	44.9	2,379	37.3	2,813	36.1
20–60 g per day	1,134	32.9	2,179	34.2	2,419	31.0
More than 60 g per day	112	3.2	166	2.6	174	2.2
30 minutes of exercise a week at least twice per week^b	294	8.5	853	13.3	1,203	15.4	<0.001
Physical activity over hour per day^b	1,341	38.8	2,009	31.4	2,827	36.2	<0.001
Eating speed
Slow	726	21.0	1,007	15.8	907	11.6	<0.001
General	1,819	52.6	3,719	58.2	4,752	60.8
Fast	912	26.4	1,666	26.1	2,151	27.5
Eating dinner less than 2 hours before sleeping more than 3 times per week^b	1,300	37.6	2,114	33.1	2,238	28.7	<0.001
Eating snacks after dinner more than 3 times per week^b	679	19.6	1,119	17.5	1,405	18.0	0.029
Skipping breakfast more than 3 times per week^b	1,180	34.1	1,770	27.7	1,669	21.4	<0.001
Sleeping well^b	1,675	48.5	3,107	48.6	3,675	47.1	0.140

^aUsing a Chi-squared test.

^bMissing values were excluded in smoking (n = 3), alcohol frequency (n = 10), alcohol intake (n = 40), exercise (n = 6), physical activity (n = 9), eating speed (n = 6), eating dinner less than 2 hours (n = 7), eating snacks (n = 4), skipping breakfast (n = 5), and sleeping (n = 6).