. 2020 May 5;30(5):219–226. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20180246

Table 2. Characteristics of men participants at baseline.

	20–29 years		30–39 years		40–49 years		P value
	(n = 6,241)		(n = 17,946)		(n = 17,049)

	n	%	n	%	n	%
Health check-up
Abdominal circumference, ≥90 cm	1,336	21.4	5,482	30.5	6,331	37.1	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, ≥130 mm Hg	768	12.3	2,227	12.4	3,044	17.9	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, ≥85 mm Hg	338	5.4	1,607	9.0	2,764	16.2	<0.001
Triglycerides, ≥150 mg/dL	565	9.1	3,006	16.8	3,737	21.9	<0.001
HDL-cholesterol, <40 mg/dL	299	4.8	1,238	6.9	1,157	6.8	<0.001
Fasting blood glucose, ≥110 mg/dL	96	1.5	453	2.5	1,045	6.1	<0.001
Medication
Taking hypertension medication	8	0.13	80	0.45	530	3.11	<0.001
Taking diabetes medication	4	0.06	25	0.14	120	0.70	<0.001
Taking lipid-lowering medication	2	0.03	58	0.32	248	1.45	<0.001
Lifestyles
Smoking condition^b
Non-smoker	2,805	44.9	5,886	32.8	4,623	27.1	<0.001
Current smoker	2,706	43.4	8,297	46.2	7,845	46.0
Ex-smoker	730	11.7	3,763	21.0	4,580	26.9
Frequency of drinking alcohol^b
No drinking	989	15.8	2,970	16.6	2,774	16.3	<0.001
1–2 day per month	2,264	36.3	4,256	23.7	2,827	16.6
1–2 day per week	1,716	27.5	3,830	21.3	2,855	16.7
3–4 day per week	652	10.4	2,421	13.5	2,639	15.5
More than 5 days per week	619	9.9	4,468	24.9	5,952	34.9
Alcohol intake^b
No drinking	983	15.8	2,951	16.5	2,761	16.2
Less than 20 g per day	2,016	32.4	5,325	29.7	4,555	26.8
20–60 g per day	2,785	44.7	8,462	47.2	8,524	50.1	<0.001
More than 60 g per day	445	7.1	1,177	6.6	1,180	6.9
30 minutes of exercise a week at least twice per week^b	1,287	20.6	3,435	19.1	3,521	20.7	<0.001
Physical activity over hour per day^b	3,324	53.3	7,888	44.0	6,644	39.0	<0.001
Eating speed
Slow	804	12.9	1,675	9.3	1,430	8.4	<0.001
General	3,121	50.0	9,291	51.8	9,534	55.9
Fast	2,316	37.1	6,978	38.9	6,083	35.7
Eating dinner less than 2 hours before sleeping more than 3 times per week^b	3,255	52.2	9,740	54.3	9,338	54.8	0.002
Eating snacks after dinner more than 3 times per week^b	1,327	21.3	2,937	16.4	2,348	13.8	<0.001
Skipping breakfast more than 3 times per week^b	3,024	48.5	7,605	42.4	5,485	32.2	<0.001
Sleeping well^b	2,910	46.6	8,440	47.0	8,038	47.2	0.778

^aUsing a Chi-squared test.

^bMissing values were excluded in smoking (n = 1), alcohol frequency (n = 4), alcohol (n = 72), exercise (n = 8), physical activity (n = 9), eating speed (n = 4), eating dinner less than 2 hours (n = 8), eating snacks (n = 9), skipping breakfast (n = 13), and sleeping (n = 6).