Table #1.
Participant Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes, Fluid Responders vs. Non-responders
| Patient characteristics | Fluid Responders (n = 44) |
Fluid Non- Responders (n = 41) |
P valuea p< |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | |||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 52 (34–66) | 48 (29–64) | 0.32 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 27 (61.4) | 27 (65.9) | 0.82 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 26.6 (23.0–31.5) | 25.4 (21.9–28.3) | 0.19 |
| APACHE II (score), median (IQR) | 14 (10–16) | 16 (10–20) | 0.22 |
| Mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg) | 74 (61–110) | 64 (55–75) | 0.01 |
| Heart rate (HR) | 104 (94–115) | 110 (96–119) | 0.45 |
| Respiratory Rate (RR) | 28 (24–34) | 25 (22–30) | 0.15 |
| Fluid and other resuscitation | |||
| IVF prior to ultrasound (ml), median (IQR) | 3,000 (2,000–4,000) | 3,000 (2,000–5,000) | 0.55 |
| IVF administered during study (ml), median (IQR) | 500 (500–500) | 500 (500–500) | 0.33 |
| Duration of fluid bolus (min), median (IQR) | 8 (6–11) | 9 (7–10) | 0.47 |
| Required vasopressor, n (%) | 4 (9.1) | 8 (19.5) | 0.22 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 23 (52.7) | 21 (51.2) | > 0.99 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24 (54.6) | 23 (56.1) | > 0.99 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 4 (9.1) | 5 (12.2) | 0.73 |
| Alcohol Abuse | 11 (25.0) | 11 (26.8) | > 0.99 |
| COPD | 10 (22.7) | 6 (14.6) | 0.41 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 2 (4.6) | 2 (4.9) | > 0.99 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 0 (0.0) | 6 (14.6) | 0.01 |
| Hospital discharge diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Sepsis/septic shock | 9 (20.5) | 16 (39.2) | 0.10 |
| DKA/HHS | 16 (36.7) | 16 (39.2) | 0.83 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 4 (9.1) | 4 (9.8) | > 0.99 |
| Alcohol withdrawal | 1 (2.8 | 1 (2.4) | > 0.99 |
| Respiratory failure (pneumonia) | 2 (4.6) | 1 (2.4) | > 0.99 |
| Outcomes | |||
| ICU length of stay (days) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 0.87 |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 3.5 (2–6) | 4 (3–8) | 0.14 |
| Alive at discharge | 41 (93.2) | 39 (95.1) | > 0.99 |
APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II
BMI = body mass index, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis, HHS = hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, IQR = interquartile range, ml = milliliters, n = number