Table 1.
Baseline Demographics and Culture Results
| Characteristic | All Patients (N = 228) | SUD-IE (n = 80) | Non–SUD-IE (n = 148) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at time of surgery, y | 53 (39, 63) | 38 (29, 48) | 60 (50, 69) | <.001 |
| Male | 154 (68) | 56 (70) | 98 (66) | .561 |
| Type of admission | .248 | |||
| Transfer from another institution | 172 (75) | 65 (81) | 107 (72) | |
| From emergency department | 31 (14) | 7 (9) | 24 (15) | |
| Scheduled admission | 25 (11) | 8 (10) | 17 (11) | |
| Type of infected endocarditis | .366 | |||
| Active | 199 (87) | 72 (90) | 127 (86) | |
| Treated | 29 (13) | 8 (10) | 21 (14) | |
| Culture microorganism | <.001 | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 71 (31) | 39 (49) | 32 (22) | |
| Non-Staphylococcus aureus | 134 (59) | 38 (48) | 96 (65) | |
| Streptococcus species | 65 (29) | 17 (21) | 48 (32) | |
| Enterococcus species | 28 (12) | 8 (10) | 20 (14) | |
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus | 15 (7) | 2 (3) | 13 (9) | |
| Fungal | 7 (3) | 3 (4) | 4 (3) | |
| Other | 19 (8) | 8 (10) | 11 (7) | |
| Unknown | 23 (10) | 3 (4) | 20 (14) | |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Depression | 52 (23) | 32 (40) | 20 (14) | <.001 |
| Alcohol | 27 (12) | 17 (21) | 10 (7) | .001 |
| Immunosuppression | 24 (11) | 4 (5) | 20 (14) | .046 |
| History of previous heart failure | 39 (17) | 10 (13) | 29 (20) | .176 |
| Valves with endocarditis | ||||
| Aortic valve | 123 (54) | 34 (43) | 89 (60) | .011 |
| Prosthetic aortic valve | 23 (10) | 4 (5) | 19 (13) | .061 |
| Mitral valve | 105 (46) | 28 (35) | 77 (52) | .014 |
| Prosthetic mitral valve | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | 5 (3) | .097 |
| Tricuspid valve, all native | 42 (18) | 30 (38) | 12 (8) | <.001 |
| Pulmonary valve, all prosthetic | 1 (.4) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | .174 |
| Multiple valves | 33 (14) | 8 (10) | 25 (17) | .159 |
| Preoperative NYHA classification | .661 | |||
| I | 5 (2) | 2 (3) | 3 (2) | |
| II | 63 (28) | 26 (33) | 37 (25) | |
| III | 82 (36) | 27 (34) | 55 (37) | |
| IV | 78 (34) | 25 (30) | 53 (36) | |
| Preoperative arrhythmia | 51 (22) | 3 (4) | 48 (32) | <.001 |
| Nonelective surgery | 173 (76%) | 65 (81%) | 108 (73%) | .164 |
| Index surgery was first cardiac surgery at Tufts | 186 (82) | 71 (89) | 115 (78) | .064 |
| Interval from admission to surgery, d | 4 (1, 7) | 3 (1, 8) | 4 (1, 6) | .618 |
Data are presented as n (%) or as median (interquartile range).
NYHA, New York Heart Association; SUD-IE, substance use disorder–related infective endocarditis.