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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Thorac Surg. 2019 Oct 17;109(5):1426–1432. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.09.004

Table 3.

Crude and Adjusted Hazard Ratios for All-Cause Mortality

Crude Model
Adjusted Model
Characteristic Hazard Ratio 95% CI P Value Hazard Ratio 95% CI P Value
Substance use disorder 1.59 1.04-2.43 .034 2.41 1.38-4.20 .002
Age at surgery 1.01 0.996-1.02 .149 1.022 1.004-1.04 .016
Staphylococcus aureus 1.79 1.17-2.75 .008 1.58 0.998-2.51 .051
Female 1.09 0.70-1.70 .706 0.98 0.61-1.56 .920
Surgery status
 Elective Reference
 Emergent/urgent 1.29 0.77-2.18 .330 1.03 0.60-1.74 .925
NYHA class
 I and II Reference
 III and IV 2.16 1.26-3.72 .005 1.98 1.12-3.49 .018
Race
 White Reference Reference
 Nonwhite 1.42 0.80-2.52 .228 1.46 0.81-2.65 .211
Immunocompromised
 No Reference Reference
 Yes 1.46 0.77-2.74 .245 1.46 0.76-2.81 .253

CI, confidence interval; NYHA, New York Heart Association.