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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 16.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Biomed Eng. 2019 Oct 14;4(4):437–445. doi: 10.1038/s41551-019-0460-x

Figure 4. Long term in vivo perfusion studies in the presence and absence of immunosuppression.

Figure 4.

(a) In vivo implants were separated into two groups: no treatment and immunosuppression. The immunosuppression group received a methylprednisolone immunosuppression dose (I.D.) starting at 500 mg on Day 0 and was tapered over ten days. (b) 3D CT reconstruction after graft implantation showing the heterotopic position of the implanted graft below the native liver while demonstrating good vascular perfusion of the implanted graft. (c) Serial contrast enhanced CT images of the implanted bioengineered liver grafts over time. Grafts are highlighted with dotted lines. Yellow dotted lines delineate perfused graft with contrast in white. Red dotted lines reflect no parenchymal perfusion. (d) Quantification of graft perfusion reduction over time in untreated (n=4) and immunosuppressed (n=4) animals. (e) Cytotoxicity of pig sera from untreated (n=4) and immunosuppressed (n=4) animals incubated on in vitro HUVEC cultures following addition of unabsorbed rabbit complement.