Table 2.
Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for offspring ever having overweight or obesity during follow-up across quintiles of maternal dietary patterns during peripregnancy using data from 2702 participants of the Growing Up Today Study 2 from 2004 to 2013, restricted to singleton births
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHEI-2010 | ||||||
| Cases/participants | 184/530 | 190/550 | 199/560 | 160/520 | 180/542 | |
| Basic modela | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.97 (0.82; 1.14) | 1.01 (0.85; 1.18) | 0.84 (0.71; 1.01) | 0.93 (0.79; 1.10) | 0.19 |
| MV Model 1b | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.96 (0.82; 1.12) | 1.03 (0.88; 1.21) | 0.85 (0.72; 1.01) | 0.95 (0.81; 1.13) | 0.34 |
| MV Model 2c | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.96 (0.82; 1.13) | 1.08 (0.92; 1.26) | 0.89 (0.75; 1.06) | 1.03 (0.86; 1.22) | 0.94 |
| aMED | ||||||
| Cases/participants | 197/533 | 166/488 | 190/519 | 158/495 | 202/667 | |
| Basic modela | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.91 (0.77; 1.08) | 0.99 (0.85; 1.16) | 0.87 (0.73; 1.04) | 0.82 (0.70; 0.97) | 0.02 |
| MV Model 1b | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.92 (0.78; 1.08) | 1.01 (0.86; 1.18) | 0.88 (0.74; 1.04) | 0.88 (0.75; 1.05) | 0.14 |
| MV Model 2c | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.92 (0.79; 1.09) | 1.03 (0.88; 1.20) | 0.90 (0.76; 1.08) | 0.93 (0.78; 1.10) | 0.40 |
| DASH | ||||||
| Cases/participants | 172/500 | 197/519 | 217/630 | 182/566 | 145/487 | |
| Basic modela | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.09 (0.92; 1.28) | 0.99 (0.84; 1.17) | 0.93 (0.78; 1.11) | 0.86 (0.72; 1.04) | 0.04 |
| MV Model 1b | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.09 (0.93; 1.28) | 1.00 (0.85; 1.18) | 0.98 (0.82; 1.17) | 0.93 (0.77; 1.12) | 0.27 |
| MV Model 2c | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.11 (0.94; 1.30) | 1.03 (0.88; 1.21) | 1.03 (0.86; 1.23) | 0.98 (0.81; 1.19) | 0.69 |
AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; aMed alternate Mediterranean; DASH, Dietary approaches to stop hypertension; CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk; MV, multivariable model
aAdjusted for maternal total energy intake (continuous), offspring sex (boy/girl) and gestational age (28–36, 37–41, ≥ 42 wks). bAdditionally adjusted for BMI before pregnancy (< 18.5, 18, 0.5 < 25, 25–29, ≥ 30 kg/m2), smoking status before pregnancy (never, current, past), physical activity (0, 1–149, 150–299, ≥ 300 min/week of moderate to vigorous intensity). cAdditionally adjusted for maternal age at pregnancy, parity (nulliparous, 1, 2, 3 + previous pregnancies), husband’s education (less than 2 yr college, 4 yr college, graduate school)