Table 2.
Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident diabetes associated with number of pregnancies and pregnancy losses
| No. events | Model I HR (95% CI) |
Model II HR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancies | |||
| Ever vs. never | 0.91 (0.72; 1.15) | 0.95 (0.75; 1.20) | |
| None | 71 | 1.30 (1.03; 1.64) | 1.21 (0.96; 1.53) |
| 1 | 495 | 1.00 (0.91; 1.10) | 1.00 (0.91; 1.10) |
| 2 | 1766 | 1.09 (1.03; 1.14) | 1.07 (1.02; 1.12) |
| 3 | 2117 | 1.16 (1.12; 1.21) | 1.14 (1.09; 1.18) |
| ≥ 4 | 3331 | 1.29 (1.24; 1.35) | 1.22 (1.17; 1.28) |
| Per additional† | 1.06 (1.04; 1.08) | 1.04 (1.03; 1.06) | |
| Pregnancy losses | |||
| Ever vs. never‡ | 1.07 (1.02; 1.13) | 1.07 (1.02; 1.13) | |
| None | 2837 | 1.00 (0.96; 1.04) | 1.00 (0.96; 1.04) |
| 1 | 2544 | 1.04 (1.00; 1.08) | 1.05 (1.01; 1.09) |
| 2 | 1463 | 1.08 (1.03; 1.14) | 1.08 (1.02; 1.14) |
| 3 | 558 | 1.17 (1.08; 1.27) | 1.16 (1.07; 1.26) |
| ≥ 4 | 307 | 1.16 (1.04; 1.30) | 1.13 (1.01; 1.26) |
| Per additional† | 1.03 (1.01; 1.06) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.05) | |
| Miscarriages | |||
| Ever vs. never‡ | 1.02 (0.94; 1.11) | 1.03 (0.95; 1.12) | |
| None | 7050 | 1.00 (0.97; 1.03) | 1.00 (0.97; 1.03) |
| 1 | 528 | 1.02 (0.93; 1.11) | 1.02 (0.94; 1.11) |
| ≥ 2 | 131 | 1.05 (0.89; 1.25) | 1.06 (0.90; 1.26) |
| Per additional† | 1.00 (0.89; 1.12) | 1.00 (0.89; 1.13) | |
| Induced abortions | |||
| Ever vs. never‡ | 1.07 (1.02; 1.12) | 1.07 (1.02; 1.13) | |
| None | 3554 | 1.00 (0.96; 1.04) | 1.00 (0.96; 1.04) |
| 1 | 2317 | 1.05 (1.01; 1.09) | 1.06 (1.02; 1.10) |
| ≥ 2 | 1838 | 1.10 (1.05; 1.15) | 1.09 (1.04; 1.14) |
| Per additional† | 1.04 (1.01; 1.07) | 1.02 (0.99; 1.06) | |
| Stillbirths | |||
| Ever vs. never‡ | 1.09 (0.99; 1.19) | 1.10 (1.00; 1.20) | |
| None | 7149 | 1.00 (0.96; 1.04) | 1.00 (0.96; 1.04) |
| 1 | 432 | 1.09 (0.99; 1.19) | 1.10 (1.00; 1.20) |
| ≥ 2 | 128 | 1.08 (0.90; 1.29) | 1.09 (0.91; 1.31) |
| Per additional† | 1.00 (0.89; 1.13) | 1.00 (0.88; 1.13) | |
Model I Cox models were stratified by age at risk and study area. Model II: Cox models were stratified by age and study area, and HR were adjusted for level of attained education, household income, smoking status, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure, history of hypertension, physical activity, and body mass index. Model II analyses for pregnancy loss, miscarriage, induced abortion, and stillbirth were additionally adjusted for number of live births, and (where appropriate) number of miscarriages, induced abortions, and stillbirths. †Analyses are restricted to women with at least one pregnancy, pregnancy loss, miscarriage, induced abortion, or stillbirth, respectively. ‡Analyses are restricted to women with at least one pregnancy