TABLE 3.
Proliferative activation of stem and progenitor cells by neurogenic stimuli when genes controlling stem cells in dentate gyrus or SVZ are deleted.
| Gene mutation (dentate gyrus) | Neurogenic stimulus | Activation of stem cells (type-1; BrdU+GFAP+nestin+Sox2+) | Activation of progenitor cells (type-2-3) | Cognitive effects | References |
| Btg1 KO | Nutrient: Hydroxytyrosol | YES | YES | – | D’Andrea et al., 2020 |
| Running | YES | YES | Rescue of defective contextual discrimination | Farioli-Vecchioli et al., 2014 | |
| Fluoxetine (in adult and aged mice) | YES | YES (also increased number of neurons) | – | Micheli et al., 2018a | |
| p16 KO (in aged mice) | Running | YES | YES | – | Micheli et al., 2019 |
| Notch1 KO | Running | NO | YES | – | Ables et al., 2010 |
| p57 KO | Running | NO | – | – | Furutachi et al., 2013 |
| LCN2 KO | Running | NO (28 days running) | YES | Reduced anxiety and improved contextual discrimination | Ferreira et al., 2019 |
| 5-HT3 receptor KO | Running | NO | NO | No antidepressant effect | Kondo et al., 2015 |
| GABAA receptor activation by DBI KO | Running and environmental enrichment | NO | NO | – | Dumitru et al., 2017 |
| Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 KO | Running | NO | NO | – | Klempin et al., 2013 |
| 5-HT1 receptor KO | Fluoxetine | – | NO | Santarelli et al., 2003 | |
| Gene mutation (SVZ) | Neurogenic stimulus | Activation of SVZ stem cells (Ki67/BrdU+ GFAP or nestin/sox2+) | Activation of SVZ neuroblasts/neurons (Ki67/Brdu+ and/or DCX+ or NeuN+) | Cognitive effects | References |
| Btg1 KO (in adult as well as aged mice) | Running | YES | YES | Rescue of neurons recruited to olfactory circuits | Mastrorilli et al., 2017 |
| p21 KO (in adult) | Running | YES | YES | Improvement of olfactory threshold | Nicolis di Robilant et al., 2019 |