TABLE 4.
High intensity activators of dentate gyrus and SVZ stem cells.
| System | Neurogenic stimulus | Activation of stem cells (type-1; BrdU+GFAP+ nestin+Sox2+) | Activation of progenitor cells (type-2-3) or neuroblasts | Cognitive effects | References |
| Adult | Electroconvulsive shock | YES | YES | – | Segi-Nishida et al., 2008 |
| Traumatic brain injury | YES (dentate gyrus) | NO (dentate gyrus) | – | Gao et al., 2009; | |
| Traumatic brain injury | YES (SVZ) | YES (SVZ; increased migration of neuroblasts out of SVZ) | Goodus et al., 2015 | ||
| Focal brain ischemia | YES (SVZ) | YES (SVZ) | – | Llorens-Bobadilla et al., 2015 | |
| Kainic acid | YES | YES (faintly EGFP-positive) | – | Hüttmann et al., 2003 | |
| Tetanus toxin | YES | YES | – | Jiruska et al., 2013 | |
| Activation of stem cells (by CNO-mediated activation of Gq protein hM3Dq) | YES | YES | – | Dong et al., 2019 | |
| Enhancement of neuron survival by Bax deletion | NO | YES | Increase of adult hippocampal neurogenesis improves discrimination between similar contexts | Sahay et al., 2011a |