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. 2020 Apr 7;11:584. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00584

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Copyright © 2020 More-Bayona, Torrealba, Thomson, Wakaruk and Barreda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Raw well water treatment induces changes in leukocyte expression of pro-inflammatory and regulatory genes. Birds were exposed to well water as drinking source for 7d and subsequently exposed to fungal or bacterial in vivo stimulation. Abdominal leukocytes were harvested at 0, 4, 12, and 48 h post challenge. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. Data represents mean ± SEM (n = 4). Significant differences were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Sidak's multiple comparison test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.