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. 2020 Apr 7;11:175. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00175

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Copyright © 2020 Ma, Ladisa, Chang and Habibi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of GnRH and/or GnIH on gonadal aromatase (Cyp19a) mRNA levels in the ovary of female goldfish at three seasonal reproductive stages (regressed, n = 4–9; mid recrudescence, n = 4–9; and late recrudescence n = 4–9). Treatments are denoted as 0 + 12 h injection. Levels of mRNA expression were detected using QPCR and normalized relative to GAPDH. Results presented (mean ± SEM) are expressed as a percentage of the averaged relative expression levels in control (PBS + PBS) group at mid recrudescence. Each seasonal control group was placed in front of each set of hormone treatments for visual comparison. Asterisks indicate significance differences from controls (Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).