Table 3. The evolution of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.

Technical			Pre and post-operative management
Past	Present		Past	Present
Site of the band 3 cm below the E-G junction	Site of the band 1 cm below the E-G junction		Subjective follow-up timing	Follow-up timing at scheduled intervals or in case of need
Long connection tube	Shortening tube length		No preoperative management	Preoperative management improved by IDT
Anchoring the port to the fascia	Using mesh fixation for the placement of the port		–	Use of BIB in the preoperative period
Rare dissection of the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus	Common dissection of the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus		No patient education	Extensive patient education
Subjective intraoperative diagnosis of hiatal hernia	Measurement of the hiatus with 20 cc inflated probe		Band adjustment principally based on band filling	Based on band filling and IDT evaluation
Subjective intraoperative decision on the treatment of hiatal hernia	Treatment of the concurrent hiatus hernia if the test is positive		Band examination by surgeon and radiologist	Band examination by surgeon in collaboration with IDT
pouch of 25–30 cc	Pouch of 15–20 cc		No material given to the patients	A brochure related to LAGB characteristics
True pouch at X-ray	Virtual pouch at X-ray		–	–
Initial outlet pressure measured by gastrostenometer	Point 0-autoregulation		–	–
Only peri-gastric positioning technique	Pars-flaccida or peri-gastric with a complementary role		–	–
Two gastro-gastric stitches	Gastro-gastric stiches to embedding the silicon band completely		–	–

LAGB, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding; IDT, interdisciplinary team.