Table 9. Clinical outcomes for lumbar fusion with Si₃N₄ and other allogenic bone and or abiotic spacers.

Outcome	This study				Meta-data			P value
	n	Total	%		n	Total	%
Change in VAS pain scores, mean ± SD	342	36.8±35.4			1,025	37.6±22.5		0.63
Complications and adverse events	44	450	9.8		116	936	12.4	0.16
Secondary surgical interventions (SSI)	14	450	3.1		27	936	2.9	0.84