Table 1. Normal range of thoracolumbar sagittal alignment parameters.
| Author | Cohort description | LL (°) | PT (°) | SS (°) | PI (°) | PI-LL (°) | C7-S1 SVA (mm) | TK (°) | TPA (°) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shao et al., 2018 | 216 asymptomatic volunteers | 50±10 | – | 38±7 | 48±9 | – | 10±19 | – | – |
| Theologis et al., 2018 | 87 asymptomatic volunteers | 58±11 | 15±7 | 34±8 | 49±12 | – | – | 47±13 | – |
| Hey et al., 2017 | 60 patients with mild low back pain | 42±16 | 18±9 | 28±11 | 47±10 | – | 19±32 | 33±7 | – |
| Arima et al., 2018 | 141 healthy AA patients age 11+ | 58±12 | 13±7 | 41±8 | 54±10 | – | – | – | – |
| Guigi et al., 2011 | 709 asymptomatic Caucasian adults | 55±11 | 13±7 | 40±8 | 53±10 | – | – | – | – |
| Yamato et al., 2013 | 312 asymptomatic Asian adults | 49±10 | 13±8 | 35±8 | 49±10 | – | – | – | – |
| Pratali et al., 2018 | 130 asymptomatic Brazilian adults | 57±8 | 12±6 | 37±7 | 49±8 | –7±8 | –54±270 | – | 8±5 |
| Singh et al., 2018 | 50 asymptomatic Indian adults | 59±10 | 9±7 | 39±7 | 49±9 | – | – | – | – |
| Yukawa et al., 2016 | 626 asymptomatic Japanese adults | 48±11 | 15±8 | 39±8 | 54±11 | – | 31±126 | 36±10 | – |
| Bakoney et al., 2017 | 92 asymptomatic Lebanese young adults | 62±9 | 11±7 | 41±8 | 52±11 | –10±9 | –12±24 | 49±9 | – |
| Ozkunt et al., 2017 | 35 healthy hospital employees | 53 | 12 | 36 | 48 | –6 | 10 | 36 | – |
| Hey et al., 2016 | 58 healthy patients | 50±12 | 16±9 | 30±11 | – | – | –17±30 | 34±10 | – |
| Hey et al., 2017 | 30 patients <30 years old with low back pain | 51.4±10 | 14±9 | 37±8 | 51±10 | – | –8.8±24 | 35±10 | – |
| Le Huec et al., 2014 | 106 asymptomatic volunteers | 57±9 | 13±7 | 39±7 | 51±10 | – | – | 42±10 | – |
| Bao et al., 2018 | 116 asymptomatic volunteers | – | 14±8 | – | 52±11 | –6±12 | –12±40 | 42±13 | 8±8 |
LL, lumbar lordosis; PT, pelvic tilt; SS, sacral slope; PI, pelvic incidence; SVA, sagittal vertical axis; TK, thoracic kyphosis; TPA, T1-pelvic angle.