Table 2. Normal range of cervical sagittal alignment parameters.
| Author | Cohort description | C0–C2 angle (°) | C2–C7 lordosis (°) | C2–C7 SVA (mm) | T1S (°) | T1S-CL (°) | CBVA (°) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shao et al., 2018 | 216 asymptomatic volunteers | 28±8 | 5±11 | 15±8 | 17±6 | – | – |
| Theologis et al., 2018 | 87 asymptomatic volunteers | 28±9 | 11±14 | 21±9 | 25±9 | – | 1±9 |
| Hey et al., 2017 | 60 patients with mild low back pain | – | 24.2±15 | – | 22.9±10 | – | – |
| Hey et al., 2017 | 30 patients <30 years old with low back pain | – | –0.6±11 | – | 17.4±9 | – | – |
| Yukawa et al., 2016 | 626 asymptomatic Japanese adults | – | 4±12 | – | – | – | – |
| Bakouney et al., 2017 | 92 asymptomatic Lebanese young adults | – | 0.8±13 | 28±9 | 27±7 | 26±9 | – |
| Le Huec et al., 2014 | 106 asymptomatic volunteers | 16±7 | 5±13 | – | – | – | – |
| Lee et al., 2014 | 50 asymptomatic volunteers | – | 12±5 | 5±3 | 18±5 | 6±4 | – |
| Bao et al., 2018 | 116 asymptomatic volunteers | – | 5±13 | 27±15 | 26±9 | 21±10 | – |
| Iyer et al., 2016 | 120 asymptomatic adults | 27±9 | 12±14 | 21±12 | 26±9 | – | 2±8 |
SVA, sagittal vertical axis; T1S, T1 slope; CL, cervical lordosis; CBVA, chin-brow vertical angle.