Table 3. Complication/risk profile of included studies.
| Study | No. of patients (n) | CPS (n) | Complications (n) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall pedicle breach rates (%) | LMSC rates (%) | Reposition rates (%) | Vertebral artery injury (%) | Nerve root injury (%) | Spinal cord injury (%) | CSF leak (%) | Pedicle screw loosening/fracture (%) | Postoperative infection (%) | Haematoma formation (%) | |||
| Abumi 2000 | 180 | 712 | 45 (6.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.56) | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 8 (4.4) | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 0 |
| Heo 2019 | 162 | 979 | 37 (3.8) | 222 (22.7) | 55 (5.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hojo 2014 | 283 | 1,065 | 158 (14.8) | NR | NR | 2 (0.71) | 6 (2.1) | 0 | 4 (1.4) | 8 (2.8) | 5 (3.55) | 2 (0.71) |
| Lee 2017 | 28 | 88 | 5 (5.6) | NR | NR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lee 2017 | 119 | 759 | 30 (4.1) | 35 (4.61) | 4 (0.53) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.84) | 3 (2.5) | 0 |
| Lee 2012 | 48 | 205 | 61 (22.0) | NR | NR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mahesh 2017 | 58 | 324 | 68 (20.98) | NR | 2 (0.62) | 0 | 2 (3.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pan 2019 | 135 | 718 | 51 (7.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.74) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Park 2014 | 45 | 256 | 14 (5.9) | 20 (7.8) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tofuku 2012 | 32 | 127 | 15 (11.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Wang 2013 | 214 | 1,024 | 129 (12.64) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.3) | 0 | 0 |
| Xu 2009 | 32 | 144 | 16 (11.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yukawa 2009 | 144 | 620 | 24 (3.9) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.69) | 1 (0.69) | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.4) | 4 (2.8) | 0 |
CPS, cervical pedicle screws; NR, not recorded.