Cortes 2007.

Methods	Randomisation: method not stated, "randomly divided into two groups". Blinding: not stated.
Participants	Inclusions: 40 women, singleton, term in labour at 4 to 5 cm dilatation. Exclusions: none stated. No. lost to follow‐up: 0
Interventions	Epidural: 20 women received 8 mL bupivacaine 0.25% (20 mg) with adrenaline and fentanyl 100 µg followed by intermittent bolus of 4 mL bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenaline as required. CSE: 20 women received fentanyl 25 µg intrathecally followed by intermittent epidural boluses as above. Supplementation of 6 mL was available for both groups for delivery.
Outcomes	Maternal: VAS scores at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes post initial injection; the number who mobilised; the occurrence of hypotension, pruritus, respiratory depression and nausea/vomiting. The mode of delivery was also noted. Neonatal: Apgar scores.
Notes	Brazil ‐ translated.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Stated only, "randomly divided into two groups".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All the data are available.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Outcomes are all reported.
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias evident.