Table 1. General information and echocardiographic characteristics of mice subjected to AR or sham operation.
| Parameter | 0W | 1W | 2W | 4W | 8W | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sham | AR | Sham | AR | Sham | AR | Sham | AR | Sham | AR | |||||
| Heart weight (g) | 0.11±0.01 | 0.11±0.02 | 0.11±0.01 | 0.16±0.01*† | 0.12±0.01 | 0.18±0.01*† | 0.12±0.01 | 0.20±0.01*†‡ | 0.13±0.01†‡§ | 0.22±0.01*†‡§ | ||||
| Body weight (g) | 24.69±0.33 | 24.31±0.42 | 25.33±0.62 | 24.43±0.44 | 26.52±0.44 | 26.03±0.50 | 26.87±0.75†‡ | 26.19±0.59 | 28.43±0.77†‡ | 27.64±0.67†‡ | ||||
| HW/BW (mg/g) | 4.49±0.14 | 4.25±0.14 | 4.38±0.06 | 5.93±0.20*† | 4.37±0.06 | 6.54±0.15*† | 4.44±0.08 | 7.40±0.23*†‡§ | 4.48±0.08 | 7.75±0.19*†‡§ | ||||
| HR (bpm) | 505±17 | 517±12 | 497±15 | 517±8 | 480±7 | 503±7 | 507±11 | 519±7 | 513±12 | 517±8 | ||||
| SVTIa (cm) | 3.30±0.13 | 2.94±0.12 | 3.06±0.11 | 5.78±0.15*† | 3.10±0.08 | 6.15±0.22*† | 3.18±0.11 | 6.44±0.34*† | 3.13±0.11 | 6.66±0.35*† | ||||
| DVTIa (cm) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.57±0.16*† | 0 | 2.76±0.13*† | 0 | 2.73±0.16*† | 0 | 2.63±0.11*† | ||||
| D/S VTIa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.46±0.04*† | 0 | 0.46±0.03*† | 0 | 0.43±0.03*† | 0 | 0.42±0.03*† | ||||
| LVEDD (mm) | 3.72±0.06 | 3.69±0.05 | 3.80±0.08 | 4.66±0.05*† | 3.85±0.05 | 4.83±0.06*† | 3.93±0.07 | 5.32±0.12*†‡§ | 3.98±0.08 | 5.85±0.13*†‡§|| | ||||
| LVESD (mm) | 2.43±0.08 | 2.40±0.07 | 2.58±0.11 | 3.22±0.05*† | 2.59±0.07 | 3.31±0.07*† | 2.67±0.09 | 3.98±0.12*†‡§ | 2.68±0.09 | 4.77±0.17*†‡§|| | ||||
| SV (μL) | 38.0±1.4 | 37.3±1.1 | 37.4±1.5 | 58.9±1.7*† | 39.5±1.1 | 64.5±1.7*† | 40.5±1.2 | 67.0±2.7*† | 43.5±1.6†‡ | 62.5±2.5*† | ||||
| CO (mL/min) | 16.7±1.8 | 19.2±0.5 | 18.5±1.3 | 28.2±1.5*† | 17.0±1.7 | 32.2±1.2*† | 19.7±1.2 | 33.9±1.9*† | 21.8±1.2†‡§ | 33.7±1.6*† | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 63.11±1.67 | 63.72±1.62 | 60.89±2.60 | 58.39±1.18 | 61.99±1.51 | 59.58±1.02 | 60.81±1.81 | 48.94±1.41*†‡§ | 62.35±1.67 | 36.49±2.04*†‡§|| | ||||
| LVFS (%) | 33.78±1.22 | 34.62±1.18 | 32.88±1.70 | 30.90±0.77 | 33.17±1.03 | 31.79±0.72 | 32.38±1.25 | 25.10±0.86*†‡§ | 33.42±1.20 | 17.97±1.11*†‡§|| | ||||
| LVPWTd (mm) | 0.75±0.02 | 0.78±0.03 | 0.73±0.02 | 0.74±0.02 | 0.78±0.02 | 0.86±0.02*†‡ | 0.78±0.02 | 0.91±0.02*†‡ | 0.77±0.02 | 0.93±0.02*†‡ | ||||
| LVPWTs (mm) | 1.11±0.02 | 1.13±0.02 | 1.08±0.02 | 1.10±0.02 | 1.12±0.02 | 1.23±0.02*†‡ | 1.11±0.03 | 1.22±0.03*†‡ | 1.13±0.03 | 1.19±0.03‡ | ||||
| IVCT (ms) | 11.86±0.79 | 11.82±0.68 | 12.29±1.42 | 10.65±0.61 | 12.36±0.59 | 13.28±1.11 | 13.26±1.24 | 11.10±1.49 | 11.98±0.86 | 11.64±0.55 | ||||
| ET (ms) | 47.17±1.13 | 47.38±1.37 | 46.87±0.63 | 58.06±1.29*† | 45.97±1.19 | 60.77±0.91*† | 49.88±2.00 | 62.37±2.86*† | 46.61±1.51 | 58.56±1.32*† | ||||
| IVRT (ms) | 15.97±0.52 | 15.87±0.42 | 17.09±0.87 | 15.74±0.62 | 16.39±0.35 | 17.30±0.66 | 17.98±1.24 | 17.72±1.16 | 16.67±0.79 | 18.26±0.59 | ||||
| Tei index | 0.59±0.03 | 0.58±0.02 | 0.63±0.05 | 0.46±0.02*† | 0.63±0.02 | 0.50±0.02*† | 0.63±0.04 | 0.47±0.03*† | 0.62±0.02 | 0.51±0.01*† | ||||
| Basal DVTIc (cm) | 1.28±0.07 | 1.35±0.07 | 1.32±0.04 | 2.15±0.10*† | 1.46±0.08 | 2.37±0.09*† | 1.46±0.07 | 2.35±0.21*† | 1.38±0.11 | 2.45±0.12*† | ||||
| Hyperemic DVTIc (cm) | 4.08±0.19 | 4.02±0.36 | 4.01±0.23 | 3.88±0.40 | 4.00±0.33 | 3.84±0.27 | 4.15±0.21 | 3.81±0.52 | 4.18±0.31 | 3.73±0.14 | ||||
| CFR | 3.19±0.29 | 2.97±0.21 | 3.03±0.13 | 1.80±0.13*† | 2.72±0.21 | 1.65±0.15*† | 2.86±0.12 | 1.59±0.14*† | 3.04±0.08 | 1.54±0.12*† | ||||
*, P<0.05 vs. the corresponding values of sham-operated mice; †, P<0.05 vs. the corresponding values of 0 week pre-operation; ‡, P<0.05 vs. the corresponding values of 1 week post-operation; §, P<0.05 vs. the corresponding values of 2 weeks post-operation; ||, P<0.05 vs. the corresponding values of 4 weeks post-operation. AR, aortic regurgitation; HW/BW, ratio of heart weight to body weight; HR, heart rate; SVTIa, systolic velocity-time integral of aortic arch flow; DVTIa, diastolic velocity-time integral of aortic arch flow; LVPWTd, left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness; LVPWTs, left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic thickness; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension; SV, stroke volume; CO: cardiac output; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS, left ventricular fractional shortening; DVTIc, diastolic velocity-time integral of left coronary artery flow; CFR, coronary flow reserve; IVCT, isovolumic contraction time; ET, ejection time; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time.