Table 1. Summary of cases of ectopic pancreas in the stomach confirmed histologically.
| Authors | Reporting year | Age (years) | Sex | Symptoms | EUS findings | Malignancy on histology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goldfarb WB (10) | 1963 | 55 | F | Abdominal pain, vomiting | N/A | Adenocarcinoma (S) |
| Tanimura A (11) | 1979 | 55 | F | Gastric discomfort | N/A | Adenocarcinoma, 5×20×20 mm3 (S) |
| Hickman DM (12) | 1981 | 58 | M | Epigastric pain, vomiting | N/A | Adenocarcinoma, 23 mm (S) |
| Yasuda K (3) | 1989 (n=7) | Not written | 12×6-24×12 mm2, Hypoechoic~intermediate | No malignancy (S and endoscopic biopsy) | ||
| Jeng KS (13) | 1991 | 27 | F | Epigastric fullness | N/A | Adenocarcinoma, 25×20 mm2 (S) |
| Guillou L (14) | 1994 | 60 | M | Epigastric pain, dysphagia | N/A | Adenocarcinoma, 60×45×40 mm3 (S) |
| Herold G (15) | 1995 | 73 | F | Abdominal discomfort | N/A | Adenocarcinoma (S) |
| 48 | M | Epigastric pain, | N/A | Adenocarcinoma (S) | ||
| Matsushita M (16) | 1997 | 33 | M | Abdominal pain | Heterogenous hypoechoic tumor | No malignancy (S) |
| Ura H (17) | 1998 | 60 | F | No symptoms | Increased to 33×30 mm2, extramural growth with marginal irregularity | Adenocarcinoma (S) |
| Osanai M (18) | 2001 | 57 | M | Epigastric discomfort, nausea | N/A | Adenocarcinoma, 125×90 mm2 (S) |
| Jeong HY (9) | 2002 | 64 | M | Dyspepsia, vomiting | N/A | Adenocarcinoma, 30×30×15 mm3 (S) |
| Emerson L (5) | 2004 | 52 | M | Abdominal pain, distention | N/A | Adenocarcinoma, 40×25×15 mm3 (S) |
| Matsuki M (6) | 2005 | 58 | F | Vomiting | Difficult to scan the lesion appropriately due to stenosis | Adenocarcinoma 25×17 mm2 (S) |
| Hirasaki S (19) | 2005 | 32 | M | Abdominal pain | 30mm, hypoechoic heterogeneous mass | No malignancy |
| Trifan A (2) | 2012 | 31 | M | Epigastric pain, vomiting | 30×30 mm2, hypoechoic solid lesion (US) | No malignancy, 35×30 mm2 (S) |
| Endo S (20) | 2014 | 73 | M | Epigastric pain, abdominal fullness | 32×24 mm2, hypoechoic mass with a cystic component (spotty high echo) | Mucinous adenocarcinoma (EMR-C) |
| Gong EJ (21) | 2015 | 29 | M | Abdominal pain, vomiting | Cystic lesion | No malignancy (ESD) |
| Matsumoto T (22) | 2015 | 21 | F | Epigastric pain, vomiting | Complex low and high echogenicity | No malignancy, 26×20 mm2 (S) |
| Attwell A (23,24) | 2014, 2015 (n=10) | 52 (26–64) | M:F3:7 | One: recurrent epigastric pain and presumed ectopic pancreatitis; all others: asymptomatic. | Hypoechoic: isoechoic =9:1. Homogenous:heterogenous =5:5 | No malignancy |
| Jin HB (4) | 2017 | 40 | M | Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting | 21×25 mm2, cystic lesion | No malignancy by EUS-FNA, 4 year follow up |
| Parra V (8) | 2017 | 24 | F | Epigastric pain | 24×20 mm2, heterogeneous and multilobulated | Mucinous cystic neoplasm (S) |
| Flores A (25) | 2018 | 43 | F | Abdominal pain vomiting | 14×9.7 mm2, homogeneous and hypoechoic | No malignancy (FNA) |
| Calcagno P (26) | 2018 | 21 | M | Vomiting, dyspepsia | 80×60 mm2, a capsulated, mixed echoic lesion, with a nodular hypoechoic portion | No malignancy (S) |
| 57 | M | Epigastric pain, vomiting | Mixed echoic mass without a clear distal margin | Ectopic pancreas with signs of chronic inflammation (S) |
M, Male; F, Female; S, surgical resection; EUS, endoscopic ultrasonography; N/A, not available; FNA, fine needle aspiration; EMR-C, endoscopic mucosal resection-using a Cap fitted endoscope; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection.