Table S1. Clinical information of T2DM patients with and without nephropathy and among DN-III, DN-IV and DN-V groups.
| Characteristics | T2DM without nephropathy (n=44) | T2DM with nephropathy (n=44) | P value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | DN-III | DN-IV | DN-V | DN vs. T2DM | III vs. IV | III vs. V | IV vs. V | |||
| Gender (M/F) | 31/13 | 26/18 | 7/6 | 10/7 | 9/5 | 0.697 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Age (years) | 71 (55.75–79.5) | 62 (55.75–71.25) | 71 [56–81] | 62 [58–70] | 61 (55.25–67) | 0.176 | 0.519 | 0.519 | 0.72 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.515 (22.81–25.978) | 23.83 (21.14–27.085) | 23.14 (21.63–24.98) | 26.79 (25.3–28.37)* | 21.2 (20.55–23.31)## | 0.932 | 0.034 | 0.521 | 0.008 | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.45 (4.95–9.7) | 7.8 (5.475–9.525) | 8.2 (6.7–11.9) | 7.5 (4.9–9.6) | 7.25 (4.95–8.775) | 0.826 | 0.232 | 0.185 | 0.487 | |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 11 (7.125–15.175) | 14 (10.45–16.875) | 15.3 (13.3–16.35) | 16.1 (13.3–19.8) | 9.05 (6.575–12.95)**## | 0.06 | 0.716 | 0.008 | 0.008 | |
| C-peptide (pmol/mL) | 1.39 (0.85–1.98) | 1.63 (0.89–2.54) | 1.195 (0.79–1.57) | 1.575 (0.8225–2.405) | 3.44 (1.95–4.46)**# | 0.17 | 0.202 | 0.004 | 0.021 | |
| 2hC-peptide (pmol/mL) | 2.005 (1.1–3.785) | 3.01 (2.1–4.7) | 2.29 (1.782–2.87) | 3.19 (1.965–5.0425) | 4.3 (2.35–4.85) | 0.03 | 0.398 | 0.124 | 0.511 | |
| Insulin (mmol/L) | 69.43 (42.985–105.31) | 11.79 (7.48–20.93) | 9.2 (7.112–12.903) | 13.385 (11.175–23.033) | 8.48 (5.56–18.18) | <0.001 | 0.143 | 0.828 | 0.143 | |
| HbAlC (mg/dL, %) | 8.3 (7.05–9.5) | 7.8 (6.6–9.7) | 9.9 (9.1–11.4) | 7.7 (7–9.375)* | 6.65 (6.15–7.625)**# | 0.618 | 0.043 | 0.005 | 0.043 | |
| WBC (*109/L) | 7.27 (6.212–8.748) | 6.1 (5.1–8) | 5.9 (5.6–7.4) | 6.1 (5.1–8) | 7.25 (4.725–8.4) | 0.065 | 0.802 | 0.802 | 0.802 | |
| Neu (%) | 63.1 (58.025–71.35) | 65 (58.6–73.75) | 62.3 (53.6–74.9) | 67.6 (57.2–70.4) | 64.4 (62.4–79.2) | 0.714 | 0.967 | 0.522 | 0.622 | |
| Lym (%) | 23.05 (17.5–29.4) | 23.1 (16.1–31.5) | 29.5 (15.8–38.9) | 23.3 (20.5–32.3) | 19.4 (14.875–24) | 0.89 | 0.544 | 0.168 | 0.168 | |
| Mon (%) | 8 (7.175–9.85) | 6.5 (5.5–8.025) | 5.7 (5.3–7) | 6 (5.5–7.7) | 7.95 (6.05–9.1) | 0.001 | 0.721 | 0.081 | 0.143 | |
| Eso (%) | 2.3 (1.675–3.575) | 2.3 (1.25–3.55) | 2 (1.2–2.4) | 2.4 (1.8–4.1) | 2.3 (1.4–4.1) | 0.538 | 0.475 | 0.475 | 0.9 | |
| Bas (%) | 0.3 (0.175–0.5) | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.275–0.5) | 0.4 (0.2–0.4) | 0.174 | 0.751 | 0.751 | 0.751 | |
| RBC (*1012/L) | 4.04 (3.725–4.403) | 3.825 (3.17–4.288) | 4.02 (3.52–4.44) | 3.86 (3.14–4.54) | 3.44 (2.95–4.083) | 0.197 | 0.477 | 0.268 | 0.374 | |
| HGB (g/L) | 116.5 (101.75–126) | 110.5 (92.5–130.5) | 128 [104–135] | 110 [91–136] | 98.5 (88.75–118.5)* | 0.534 | 0.302 | 0.04 | 0.302 | |
| HCT (%) | 34.25 (31.025–36.3) | 32.1 (27.7–38.65) | 36.7 (30–42.2) | 32 (26.7–38.8) | 30.15 (27.7–35.75) | 0.751 | 0.19 | 0.132 | 0.62 | |
| MCV (%) | 86.35 (82.725–89.75) | 87.8 (85.2–90.575) | 88.1 (85.2–89.8) | 86.1 (84.4–89.2) | 90.75 (86.75–93.65) | 0.131 | 0.295 | 0.198 | 0.052 | |
| HGB-Mass (pg) | 29 (27.8–30.45) | 29.7 (28.8–31) | 30.5 (29.8–31.8) | 29.6 (28.8–31) | 29.2 (28.65–29.9)* | 0.042 | 0.147 | 0.023 | 0.35 | |
| HGB-Conc (g/L) | 335 (328.5–344.25) | 336.5 (321–351.25) | 351 [347–358] | 340 [329–354] | 322 [318–333]**# | 0.655 | 0.116 | 0.002 | 0.034 | |
| RDW-CV (%) | 13.55 (12.85–14.525) | 13.05 (12.575–13.9) | 12.5 (12.3–12.9) | 13 (12.6–13.8) | 13.7 (13.4–14.5)**# | 0.306 | 0.126 | 0.003 | 0.037 | |
| PLT (*109/L) | 246 (194.5–302.5) | 193 (153.5–224) | 184 [154–197] | 199 [157–233] | 194 (152.5–258.75) | 0.003 | 0.497 | 0.497 | 0.889 | |
| MPV (fL) | 10.5 (9.7–11.125) | 11.1 (10.2–12.15) | 12.3 (11.8–13.1) | 10.5 (9.8–11.4)* | 10.9 (10.125–11.9)* | 0.01 | 0.011 | 0.019 | 0.462 | |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 7 (4–34.5) | 2 (1–9.5) | 1.5 (1–6.25) | 1 [1–5] | 5 [1–17] | <0.001 | 0.556 | 0.556 | 0.451 | |
| TP (g/L) | 65.55 (60.5–68.825) | 64 [56–69] | 66.5 (63.75–70) | 65 [55–72] | 58 (53.5–64.75)* | 0.364 | 0.412 | 0.017 | 0.398 | |
| ALB (g/L) | 35.7 (32.25–37.225) | 35 (29.5–38) | 38 (35.75–39.5) | 37 [30–40] | 30.5 (28.25–33.75)*** | 0.69 | 0.258 | 0.001 | 0.142 | |
| GLB (g/L) | 30.2 (27.35–34.825) | 29 (25–31.5) | 29 (27–30.5) | 28 [25–31] | 28 (24–31.5) | 0.047 | 0.811 | 0.811 | 0.811 | |
| A/G | 1.15 (1–1.3) | 1.2 (1.08–1.365) | 1.27 (1.197–1.418) | 1.12 (1.06–1.39) | 1.095 (0.967–1.21) | 0.239 | 0.138 | 0.085 | 0.499 | |
| AST (U/L) | 14.5 (11–23.25) | 16 (11.5–22) | 15 (12.75–18.25) | 17 [13–27] | 16 (11–22.25) | 0.538 | 0.572 | 0.959 | 0.572 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 17 (13.75–20.25) | 19 (14.5–24) | 16 [14–19] | 21 [20–35]* | 15.5 (12.5–22.5)# | 0.186 | 0.011 | 0.857 | 0.011 | |
| AST_ALT | 0.92 (0.71–1.285) | 0.88 (0.605–1.11) | 0.905 (0.725–1.103) | 0.77 (0.58–0.95) | 0.96 (0.555–1.2825) | 0.259 | 0.426 | 0.959 | 0.426 | |
| r-GT (U/L) | 23.5 (16.75–34) | 25 [17–39] | 25.5 (20.5–30.75) | 23 [18–42] | 24.5 (15–43.75) | 0.884 | 0.965 | 0.965 | 0.965 | |
| AKP (U/L) | 97 (77.25–118.25) | 85 [75–91] | 84.5 (63.75–89.75) | 85 [75–89] | 86.5 (75.75–100.5) | 0.079 | 0.859 | 0.640 | 0.64 | |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 7.9 (6.025–8.625) | 10 [7–13] | 11.5 (8–13.5) | 11 [8–13] | 7 [7–8] | 0.004 | 0.688 | 0.087 | 0.087 | |
| DBIL (μmol/L) | 3.1 (2.1–3.8) | 1.6 (1.2–2) | 2.1 (1.45–2.75) | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 1.2 (0.925–1.45)*# | <0.001 | 0.351 | 0.017 | 0.019 | |
| TBA (μmol/L) | 3.15 (2.475–3.925) | 4 (2.5–7) | 6 (6–9.25) | 4 [2–8] | 3 (2–3.75)** | 0.244 | 0.066 | 0.002 | 0.132 | |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 72 (58.5–94.25) | 119 (69–431.75) | 66 [58–88] | 107 [70–243] | 714.5 (431.75–854)***### | 0.002 | 0.063 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 6.85 (4.525–8.15) | 9.15 (6.275–20.65) | 6.4 (5.1–6.8) | 9.1 (8–12.8)* | 21.45 (16.725–24.05)***### | 0.001 | 0.013 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| UA (μmol/L) | 262.5 (210.75–327.75) | 382 (309–432.25) | 311 [284–403] | 380 [330–425] | 437.5 [384–459]* | <0.001 | 0.108 | 0.013 | 0.153 | |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.24 (2.16–2.395) | 2.165 (2.087–2.273) | 2.165 (2.095–2.278) | 2.165 (2.04–2.313) | 2.16 (2.09–2.188) | 0.02 | 0.921 | 0.921 | 0.921 | |
| P (mmol/L) | 1.22 (1.1–1.3725) | 1.225 (1.07–1.565) | 1.08 (1.04–1.108) | 1.265 (1.135–1.41) | 1.54 (1.19–1.875) | 0.65 | 0.111 | 0.105 | 0.111 | |
| K (mmol/L) | 4 (3.75–4.2) | 4.2 (3.8–4.45) | 4.3 (4.025–4.325) | 4.1 (3.9–4.5) | 4.1 (3.575–4.975) | 0.223 | 0.979 | 0.979 | 0.979 | |
| Na (mmol/L) | 139 (137–140) | 141 (138.5–142) | 140 (137.5–141) | 142 [140–142] | 140 (137.5–141.75) | 0.028 | 0.26 | 0.938 | 0.403 | |
| Cl (mmol/L) | 102 (100.5–104) | 104 (101–104.5) | 103 (101–104.25) | 104 [101–107] | 103.5 (97.25–104) | 0.443 | 0.461 | 0.461 | 0.322 | |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.847–1.378) | 1.61 (1.305–2.41) | 1.945 (1.235–2.503) | 2.11 (1.49–2.42) | 1.355 (1.267–1.663) | <0.001 | 0.565 | 0.565 | 0.129 | |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.945 (3.522–4.873) | 4.95 (3.83–5.57) | 5.225 (3.917–5.645) | 5.01 (4.43–5.76) | 4.38 (3.607–5.198) | 0.019 | 0.965 | 0.473 | 0.473 | |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1 (0.84–1.14) | 1.05 (0.925–1.215) | 1.13 (1.012–1.333) | 1.11 (0.85–1.35) | 1 (0.95–1.073) | 0.573 | 0.690 | 0.227 | 0.425 | |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.545 (2.015–3.26) | 3.15 (2.42–3.74) | 3.55 (2.5075–3.84) | 3.07 (2.55–3.71) | 3 (2.12–3.425) | 0.033 | 0.626 | 0.626 | 0.626 | |
| ApoA (g/L) | 1.06 (0.885–1.253) | 1.12 (1.01–1.223) | 1.17 (1.12–1.393) | 1.12 (1.002–1.313) | 1.04 (0.99–1.15) | 0.59 | 0.544 | 0.284 | 0.353 | |
| ApoB (g/L) | 0.785 (0.635–0.873) | 0.95 (0.747–1.093) | 0.95 (0.76–1.13) | 0.97 (0.852–1.108) | 0.94 (0.682–1.048) | 0.01 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | |
| Lp-A (mmol/L) | 269 (111–415.25) | 149.5 (35.75–364) | 69 (35.25–151.75) | 173 (30.5–364) | 200.5 (50–386.25) | 0.071 | 0.589 | 0.589 | 0.589 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 8.775 (6.627–10.693) | 6.405 (2.93–8.71) | 7.91 (6.17–10.02) | 4.72 (2.55–8.57) | 6.46 (1.887–8.593) | 0.028 | 0.054 | 0.285 | 0.451 | |
Data were expressed as the medians (IQRs) at normal distribution. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare these variables between T2DM patients with and without nephropathy, and P<0.05 was considered significant. The ANOVA test was used to compare these variables among the three stages of DN. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 when compared to DN-III, and #P<0.05; ##P<0.01; ###P<0.001 when compared to DN-IV. M, male; F, female; BMI, body mass index; 2hPG, two hours post-load plasma glucose; HbAlC, glycosylated hemoglobin or glycated hemoglobin; WBC, white blood cell; Neu, neutrophil ratio; Lym, lymphocyte ratio; Mon, monocyte ratio; Eso, eosinophil ratio; Bas, basophil ratio; RBC, red blood cell; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; HGB-Mass, RBC average HGB content; HGB-Conc, RBC average HGB concentration; RDW-CV, red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation; PLT, platelet; MPV, mean platelet volume; hs-CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; GLB, globulin; A-G, albumin/globulin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST-ALT, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase; r-GT, Glutamyl transpeptidase; AKP, alkaline phosphatase; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; TBA, total bile acid; Cr, creatinine; UA, uric acid; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ApoA, apolipoprotein a; ApoB, apolipoprotein b; Lp-A, lipoprotein a; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.