TABLE 3.

Absolute cerebral concentrations and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in human adults measured with non-invasive FD-NIRS in vivo.

References	Instr.	f (MHz)	Method	# of λ	[Hb] (μM)	[HbO2] (μM)	[HbT] (μM)	StO2 (%)	Age (y)	Notes
Fabbri et al., 2003	ISS	110	MD: 1.5–3 or 1–2.5 cm	2	14	19	33	57	27–57	Before ECT
Fantini et al., 2003	ISS	110	MD:	2	14	20	34	59	29–44	Before sleep
Gatto et al., 2006	ISS	110	MD: 2–4 cm	2	13	24	37	64	36 ± 9
Gatto et al., 2007	ISS	110	MD: 2–4 cm	2	15	28	43	65	20–39
					13	22	35	63	40–60
Calderon-Arnulphi et al., 2007	ISS	110	MD: 2–3.5 cm	2	16	16	32	50	58–81	Before surgery
Paisansathan et al., 2007	ISS	110	MD: 2–4 cm	2	13	19	32	59	44 ± 14	Anesth.
McIntosh et al., 2010	ISS	110	MD: 2–3.5 cm	2	19	26	45	58	20–53
Meng et al., 2012a	ISS	110	MD: 2–3.5 cm	2	11	30	41	73	22–68	Anesth.
Meng et al., 2012b	ISS	110	MD: 2–3.5 cm	2	11	25	36	68	22–68	Anesth.
Hallacoglu et al., 2012	ISS	110	MD: 2.8–3.8 cm	2	20	39	59	66	28 ± 4
					18	22	40	55	85 ± 6
Hallacoglu et al., 2013	ISS	110	MD: 1.3–4.8 cm	2	11	15	26	42	29 ± 2	Superf. tissue
					31	51	82	64		Deep tissue
					17	30	47	64		Homog. tissue
Scholkmann et al., 2013a	ISS	110	MD: 2–4 cm	2	–	–	–	59	–
Clancy et al., 2015	ISS	110	MD	2	11	29	40	72	–
Yang and Dunn, 2015	ISS	110	MD: 2–3.5 cm	2	17	28	45	63	50 ± 8
Kainerstorfer et al., 2015	ISS	110	MD: 2–3.5 cm	2	16	35	51	69	21–50
Moreau et al., 2016	ISS	110	MD: 2–3.5 cm	2	20	35	56	63	42 ± 7
Davies et al., 2017	ISS	110	MD	2	–	–	–	62	–
Davies et al., 2019	ISS	110	MD: 3–4.5 cm	2				67	50 ± 17	TBI
Blaney et al., 2019	ISS	140	MD: 1.1–4 cm	2	18	24	42	56	25–53
Pham et al., 2019	ISS	140	MD: 1.6–4 cm	2	11	39	50	78	22–33

Measurements are for healthy subjects at rest and based on diffusion theory for homogeneous tissue, unless otherwise noted in the “Notes” column. Instr., Instrument; ISS, ISS, Inc. (Champaign, IL, United States); MD, multi distance; ECT, electro-convulsive therapy; TBI, Traumatic Brain Injury.