Table 5.
Comparison of biochemical characteristics at baseline (BL) and follow‐up (FU) for each group
| AMA‐negative (n = 11) | AMA‐positive without PBC (n = 42) | New‐onset PBC (n = 6) | Inadequately treated PBC (n = 21) | Adequately treated PBC (n = 42) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| baseline | |||||
| Age (years) | 66 (54–71) | 56.5 (27–79) | 58.5 (47–71) | 55 (34–70) | 57 (20–76) |
| BMI (m kg−2) | 24.9 (17.9–27.5) | 24.8 (18.6–44.1) | 29.3 (25.0–30.3) | 25.5 (18.3–47.9) | 28.2 (18.0–39.0) |
| Chol (mmol L−1) | 5.7 (4.6–6.7) | 5.2 (3.5–8.5) | 4.7 (4.6–6.3) | 4.9 (3.2–11.8) | 5.9 (3.1–9.0) |
| LDL (mmol L−1) | 3.2 (1.6–4.2) | 3.1 (1.8–6.0) | 3.1 (0.6–4.2) | 2.7 (1.5–6.2) | 3.6 (0.7–5.9) |
| FG (mmol L−1) | 6.1 (4.3–11.0) | 5.1 (1.3–10.5) | 7.2 (4.4–11.0) | 5.0 (3.4–5.5) | 5.3 (3.9–14.2) |
| TBili (µmol L−1) | 6.8 (6.8–13.7) | 6.8 (4.1–18.8) | 10.3 (5.1–18.3) | 6.8 (4.3–24.1) | 7.7 (2.9–99.2) |
| ALT (×ULN) | 0.7 (0.4–2.3) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) | 1.1 (0.3–2.8) | 1.1 (0.2–36.5)** |
| ALP (×ULN) | 0.7 (0.5–2.6) | 0.7 (0.3–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–2.1) | 1.2 (0.4–10.6) | 1.5 (0.6–4.3)** |
| GGT (×ULN) | 0.5 (0.5–8.7) | 0.8 (0.3–3.4) | 2.6 (1.4–8.1) | 3.4 (1.2–9.4) | 3.7 (0.5–27.4)** |
| IgM (×ULN) | 0.4 (0.1–0.8) | 0.4 (0.1–0.9) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.9 (0.2–2.0) | 1.0 (0.3–3.1) |
| Follow‐up | |||||
| Age (years) | 69 (55–75) | 60.5 (28–79) | 63.5 (51–79) | 62 (41–80) | 60 (25–84) |
| BMI (m kg−2) | 24.6 (16.8–28.7) | 25.1 (18.9–44.1) | 25.1 (22.9–28.6) | 24.4 (17.9–47.9) | 28.1 (19.7–38.5) |
| Chol (mmol L−1) | 5.9 (4.7–9.0) | 5.4 (3.3–9.0) | 4.3 (3.1–6.2) | 5.4 (3.5–13.6) | 5.6 (3.4–9.0) |
| LDL (mmol L−1) | 3.3 (2.1–6.3) | 3.2 (1.7–5.8) | 2.4 (1.2–3.7) | 3.2 (1.7–12.4) | 3.0 (2.0–5.7) |
| FG (mmol L−1) | 5.5 (4.3–8.7) | 5.2 (4.0–8.3) | 5.2 (4.4–6.6) | 5.4 (3.2–13.2) | 5.6 (4.2–10.3) |
| TBili (µmol L−1) | 8.6 (1.7–12.0) | 6.8 (3.4–25.7) | 8.6 (3.4–23.9) | 6.8 (5.1–47.9) | 8.6 (3.4–18.8) |
| ALT (×ULN) | 0.7 (0.4–2.2) | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 1.3 (0.3–3.9) | 0.7 (0.4–2.9)** |
| ALP (×ULN) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.9) | 1.3 (0.7–1.8) | 1.8 (0.8–11.6) | 0.9 (0.4–5.2)** |
| GGT (×ULN) | 0.7 (0.1–1.8) | 0.9 (0.3–3.8) | 3.2 (2.4–8.0) | 3.7 (0.6–23.9) | 1.2 (0.3–8.1)** |
| IgM (×ULN) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) | 1.2 (0.4–1.7) | 1.2 (0.2–2.8) | 1.0 (0.4–4.1) |
| LSM (kPa) | 4.3 (3.2–10.2) | 4.8 (2.9–23.4) | 5.1 (3.4–14.5) | 7.2 (3.5–23.4) | 5.7 (3.6–16.3) |
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AMA, anti‐mitochondrial antibodies; BMI, body mass index; Chol, cholesterol; FG, fasting glucose; GGT, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase; IgM, immunoglobulin M; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; PBC, primary biliary cholangitis; TBili, total bilirubin; ULN, upper limit of normal.
Groups were categorised by clinical and biochemical course determined at FU. Intra‐group comparisons (BL versus FU) were calculated for each group. Data shown as median (range in brackets). Levels of significance: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001 (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test; P‐values adjusted for multiple testing by Benjamini–Hochberg procedure).