Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Antenatal depression | Postnatal depression | Antenatal anxiety | Postnatal anxiety | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | 34 | 34 | 9 | 5 |
| Mental disorder measure N (%) | ||||
| Diagnoses | 4 (12) | 9 (26) | 1 (11) | 3 (60) |
| Screening tools (total) | 29 (85) | 22 (65) | 8 (89) | 1 (20) |
| EPDS | 10 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
| BDI | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| CES‐D | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| PHQ‐9 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| DASS | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| MHI‐5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| MADRS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Kessler 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Zung SDS | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| STAI | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| Taylor Anxiety | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Self report | 1 (3) | 3 (9) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) |
| Sample size N (%) | ||||
| < 100 | 7 (21) | 4 (12) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) |
| 100–500 | 13 (38) | 4 (12) | 8 (89) | 1 (20) |
| > 500 | 14 (41) | 26 (76) | 0 (0) | 4 (80) |
| Study design N (%) | ||||
| Cross‐sectional | 13 (38) | 3 (9) | 4 (44) | 0 (0) |
| Case–control study | 2 (6) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Intervention study | 2 (6) | 2 (6) | 2 (23) | 0 (0) |
| Prospective cohort | 15 (44) | 20 (59) | 3 (33) | 3 (60) |
| Retrospective cohort | 2 (6) | 7 (20) | 0 (0) | 2 (40) |
| Location N (%) | ||||
| Africa | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Asia | 9 (26) | 8 (24) | 3 (33) | 0 (0) |
| Australasia | 3 (9) | 1 (3) | 2 (23) | 1 (20) |
| Europe | 8 (24) | 10 (29) | 3 (33) | 1 (20) |
| North America | 11 (32) | 15 (44) | 1 (11) | 3 (60) |
| South America | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CES‐D, Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression; PHQ‐9, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9; DASS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales; MHI‐5, Mental Health Inventory‐5; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; Kessler 6, Kessler 6 Mental Health Scale; Zung SDS, Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale; STAI, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory.