Table 3.
Relationships between mushroom consumption and incident prostate cancer by age
| Mushroom consumption | p‐trend1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 time/week | 1–2 times/week | ≥3 times/week | ||
| Age < 50 years (n = 13,061) | 6,362 | 4,688 | 2,011 | |
| Person‐years | 118,313 | 83,873 | 34,722 | |
| Incident prostate cancer (%) | 1.70 | 1.69 | 1.59 | |
| Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.92 | |
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.81, 1.45) | 1.05 (0.71, 1.56) | 0.690 |
| Model 12 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.82, 1.46) | 1.08 (0.73, 1.61) | 0.587 |
| Model 23 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.75, 1.36) | 0.98 (0.64, 1.49) | 0.951 |
| Age ≥ 50 years (n = 23,438) | 9,596 | 8,436 | 5,406 | |
| Person‐years | 143,614 | 120,256 | 73,620 | |
| Incident prostate cancer (%) | 4.55 | 4.14 | 3.68 | |
| Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years | 3.04 | 2.90 | 2.70 | |
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.81, 1.07) | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99) | 0.041 |
| Model 12 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.79, 1.05) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.97) | 0.016 |
| Model 23 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.79, 1.06) | 0.83 (0.70, 0.998) | 0.042 |
Analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model.
Probability value for trend was computed by entering the categories as a continuous term (score variable: 1, 2 or 3) in the Cox model.
Model 1 was adjusted for family history of cancer (yes or no), BMI (<18.5, 18.5–25, 25–30, ≥30 or missing), education level (age at last school graduation: <19 years, ≥19 years or missing), smoking status (never, former, current or missing), alcohol drinking (never, former, current or missing) and time spent walking (<0.5 hr/day, 0.5–1 hr/day, ≥1 hr/day or missing).
Model 2 was adjusted as for Model 1 plus five groups of consumption volume of meat, vegetables, fruit, dairy products, coffee and energy intake (quartile categories or missing).